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Developer's Reference chap.11



é è—¤ã§ã™ã€‚

# ã‚„ã£ã¨å®Œäº† :-)。

Debian デベロッパーズリファレンス最終章 (第 11 ç« ) ã®ç¿»è¨³ã§ã™ã€‚
ãƒã‚§ãƒƒã‚¯ãŠé¡˜ã„ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚

|     <chapt id="tools">Overview of Debian Maintainer Tools
|       <p>
| This section contains a rough overview of the tools available to
| maintainers.  These tools are meant to help convenience developers and 
| free their time for critical tasks.  

    <chapt id="tools">Debian 開発者用ツールã®æ¦‚観
      <p>
ã“ã®ç« ã§ã¯ã€é–‹ç™ºè€…ãŒåˆ©ç”¨ã§ãるツール群を大ã¾ã‹ã«æ¦‚観ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“れらã®ãƒ„ール群ã¯ã€é–‹ç™ºè€…ã®ä¾¿å®œã‚’図りã€
開発者ãŒé‡è¦ãªä½œæ¥­ã«æ™‚間を割ã‘るよã†ç”¨æ„ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <p>
| Some people prefer to use high-level package maintenance tools and
| some do not.  Debian is officially agnostic on this issue; any tool
| which gets the job done is fine.  Therefore, this section is not meant
| to stipulate to anyone which tools they should use or how they should
| go about with their duties of maintainership.  Nor is it meant to
| endorse any particular tool to the exclusion of a competing tool.

      <p>
高レベルã®ãƒ‘ッケージ開発ツールã®åˆ©ç”¨ã‚’好む人もã„ã‚Œã°ã€å¥½ã¾ãªã„人もã„ã¾ã™ã€‚
Debian ãŒå…¬å¼ã«ã“ã®å•é¡Œã«é–¢çŸ¥ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯ã‚ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“。
ã¤ã¾ã‚Šã€ã©ã®ãƒ„ールを用ã„ã¦ã‚‚作業を行ãªã†ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã‚‹ãªã‚‰ã°å•é¡Œã‚ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“。
ãã®ãŸã‚ã€ã“ã®ç« ã¯ã€ã©ã®ãƒ„ールを使ã†ã¹ããªã®ã‹ã€
開発ã«ä¼´ã†ä½œæ¥­ã«ã©ã®ã‚ˆã†ã«å–り組むã¹ããªã®ã‹ã€
ã«ã¤ã„ã¦è¦å®šã™ã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ã§ã¯ã‚ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“。
ã¾ãŸã€ç«¶åˆã™ã‚‹ãƒ„ールã®æŽ’除をé¿ã‘ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€
特定ã®ãƒ„ールを推奨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚‚ã—ã¾ã›ã‚“。

|       <p>
| Most of the descriptions of these packages come from the actual
| package descriptions themselves.  Further information can be found in
| the package documentation itself.

      <p>
ã“れらパッケージã®èª¬æ˜Žæ–‡ã®å¤§åŠã¯ã€
ç¾è¡Œã®ãƒ‘ッケージ説明文ãã®ã‚‚ã®ã‚’å‚考ã«ã—ãŸã‚‚ã®ã§ã™ã€‚
より詳細ãªæƒ…å ±ã¯å„パッケージã®ãƒ‰ã‚­ãƒ¥ãƒ¡ãƒ³ãƒˆã‚’ã”覧ãã ã•ã„。

|       <sect id="dpkg-dev">
| 	<heading><package>dpkg-dev</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>dpkg-dev</package> contains the tools (including
| <prgn>dpkg-source</prgn>) required to unpack, build and upload Debian
| source packages.  These utilities contain the fundamental, low-level
| functionality required to create and manipulated packages; as such,
| they are required for any Debian maintainer.

      <sect id="dpkg-dev">
	<heading><package>dpkg-dev</package>
	<p>
<package>dpkg-dev</package> ã«ã¯ã€Debian ソースパッケージã®å±•é–‹ã€
ビルドã€ã‚¢ãƒƒãƒ—ロードã«å¿…è¦ã¨ãªã‚‹ (<prgn>dpkg-source</prgn> ã‚’å«ã‚€) 
ツール群ãŒåŽéŒ²ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“れらã®ãƒ¦ãƒ¼ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒªãƒ†ã‚£ç¾¤ã¯ã€ãƒ‘ッケージã®ä½œæˆãŠã‚ˆã³æ“作ã«å¿…è¦ã¨ãªã‚‹
基本的ã§ä½Žãƒ¬ãƒ™ãƒ«ãªæ©Ÿèƒ½ã‚’æä¾›ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ãã®ãŸã‚ã€ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã¯ã„ãšã‚Œã® Debian 開発者ã«ã‚‚å¿…è¦ã¨ãªã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ã§ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="lintian">
| 	<heading><package>lintian</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>Lintian</package> dissects Debian packages and reports bugs
| and policy violations. It contains automated checks for many aspects
| of Debian policy as well as some checks for common errors.  The use of
| <package>lintian</package> has already been discussed in <ref
| id="upload-checking"> and <ref id="lintian-reports">.

      <sect id="lintian">
	<heading><package>lintian</package>
	<p>
<package>lintian</package> 㯠Debian パッケージを精査ã—ã€
ãƒã‚°ã‚„ãƒãƒªã‚·ãƒ¼é•åを報告ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã¯ã€ä¸€èˆ¬çš„ãªã‚¨ãƒ©ãƒ¼ã®ãƒã‚§ãƒƒã‚¯ã¨ã¨ã‚‚ã«ã€
Debian ãƒãƒªã‚·ãƒ¼ã®å¤šè§’çš„ãªè‡ªå‹•ãƒã‚§ãƒƒã‚¯ã‚‚è¡Œãªã„ã¾ã™ã€‚
<package>lintian</package> ã®åˆ©ç”¨ã«ã¤ã„ã¦ã¯ã€
<ref id="upload-checking"> ãŠã‚ˆã³ <ref id="lintian-reports"> 
ã§ã™ã§ã«èª¬æ˜Žã—ã¦ã‚ã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="debhelper">
| 	<heading><package>debhelper</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>debhelper</package> is a collection of programs that can be
| used in <file>debian/rules</file> to automate common tasks related to
| building binary Debian packages. Programs are included to install
| various files into your package, compress files, fix file permissions,
| integrate your package with the Debian menu system.

      <sect id="debhelper">
	<heading><package>debhelper</package>
	<p>
<package>debhelper</package>ã¯ã€
ãƒã‚¤ãƒŠãƒª Debian パッケージã®ãƒ“ルドã«é–¢é€£ã™ã‚‹
一般的ãªä½œæ¥­ã‚’自動化ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã€
<file>debian/rules</file> 作æˆã«åˆ©ç”¨ã§ãるプログラム集ã§ã™ã€‚
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã«ã¯ã€ä½œæˆã™ã‚‹ãƒ‘ッケージã¸ã®ã•ã¾ã–ã¾ãªãƒ•ã‚¡ã‚¤ãƒ«ã®ã‚¤ãƒ³ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒ¼ãƒ«ã‚„ã€
ファイルã®åœ§ç¸®ã€ãƒ•ã‚¡ã‚¤ãƒ«ãƒ‘ーミッションã®ä¿®æ­£ã€ä½œæˆã™ã‚‹ãƒ‘ッケージ㮠
Debian menu システムã¸ã®çµ±åˆã‚’è¡Œãªã†ãƒ—ログラム群ãŒå«ã¾ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚

| 	<p>
| Unlike <package>debmake</package>, <package>debhelper</package> is
| broken into several small, granular commands which act in a consistent
| manner.  As such, it allows a greater granularity of control than
| <package>debmake</package>.

	<p>
<package>debmake</package> ã¨ã¯ç•°ãªã‚Šã€<package>debhelper</package> ã¯ã€
一貫ã—ãŸæµå„€ã§å‹•ä½œã—ãªãŒã‚‰ã‚‚ã€å°ã•ãã€
独立ã—ã¦ã„る複数ã®ã‚³ãƒžãƒ³ãƒ‰ç¾¤ã‹ã‚‰æ§‹æˆã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚
ãã®ãŸã‚ã€ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã¯ <package>debmake</package> 
より細ã‹ãªç®¡ç†ã‚’è¡Œãªã†ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="debmake">
| 	<heading><package>debmake</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>debmake</package>, a pre-cursor to
| <package>debhelper</package>, is a less granular
| <file>debian/rules</file> assistant. It includes two main programs:
| <prgn>deb-make</prgn>, which can be used to help a maintainer convert
| a regular (non-Debian) source archive into a Debian source package;
| and <prgn>debstd</prgn>, which incorporates in one big shot the same
| sort of automated functions that one finds in
| <package>debhelper</package>.

      <sect id="debmake">
	<heading><package>debmake</package>
	<p>
<package>debmake</package> ã¯ã€<package>debhelper</package> 
ã«å…ˆè¡Œã—ã¦é–‹ç™ºã•ã‚ŒãŸã‚‚ã®ã§ã€ã‚ˆã‚Šå¤§ã¾ã‹ã«å°‘ãªã„コマンド㧠
<file>debian/rules</file> 作æˆã®è£œåŠ©ã‚’è¡Œãªã†ã‚‚ã®ã§ã™
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã«ã¯ä¸»ã«äºŒã¤ã®ãƒ—ログラムãŒå«ã¾ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚
一ã¤ã¯ <prgn>deb-make</prgn> ã§ã€
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã¯ã€é–‹ç™ºè€…ãŒé€šå¸¸ã® (Debian çš„ã§ã¯ãªã„)
ソースアーカイブを Debian ソースパッケージã¸å¤‰æ›ã™ã‚‹éš›ã€
ãれを補助ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ç”¨ã„られã¾ã™ã€‚
ã‚‚ã†ä¸€ã¤ã¯ <prgn>debstd</prgn> ã§ã€
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã¯ <package>debhelper</package> ã§å®Ÿç¾ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„るよã†ãªã€
åŒç¨®ã®è‡ªå‹•åŒ–ã•ã‚ŒãŸæ©Ÿèƒ½ã‚’一ã¤ã«ã¾ã¨ã‚ãŸã‚‚ã®ã§ã™ã€‚

| 	<p>
| The consensus is that <package>debmake</package> is now deprecated in
| favor of <package>debhelper</package>.  However, it's not a bug to use
| <package>debmake</package>.
| 

	<p>
今ã§ã¯ <package>debhelper</package> ã®åˆ©ç”¨ãŒå¥½ã¾ã‚Œã€
<package>debmake</package> ã®åˆ©ç”¨ã¯é¿ã‘よã†ã¨ã®åˆæ„ãŒã‚ã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚
ã—ã‹ã—ãªãŒã‚‰ã€<package>debmake</package> を利用ã™ã‚‹ã«ã‚ãŸã£ã¦ã€
ãã®ãƒã‚°ãŒå•é¡Œã«ãªã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã‚ã‘ã§ã¯ã‚ã‚Šã¾ã›ã‚“。

|       <sect id="yada">
| 	<heading><package>yada</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>yada</package> is a new packaging helper tool with a slightly
| different philosophy.  It uses a <file>debian/packages</file> file to
| auto-generate other necessary files in the <file>debian/</file>
| subdirectory.

      <sect id="yada">
	<heading><package>yada</package>
	<p>
<package>yada</package> ã¯è‹¥å¹²ç•°ãªã‚‹æ€æƒ³ã‚’æŒã¤ã€
æ–°ãŸãªãƒ‘ッケージング補助ツールã§ã™ã€‚
<file>debian/packages</file> ファイルを用ã„ã¦ã€
<file>debian/</file> サブディレクトリ以下ã«è¨­ç½®ã•ã‚Œã‚‹
ä»–ã®å¿…è¦ãªãƒ•ã‚¡ã‚¤ãƒ«ã‚’自動生æˆã—ã¾ã™ã€‚

| 	<p>
| Note that <package>yada</package> is still quite new and possibly not
| yet as robust as other systems.

	<p>
ãªãŠ <package>yada</package> ã¯ã¾ã ã¾ã æ–°ã—ã„ã‚‚ã®ã§ã™ã®ã§ã€
ä»–ã®ã‚·ã‚¹ãƒ†ãƒ ã«æ¯”ã¹ã‚Œã°ãƒ­ãƒã‚¹ãƒˆã§ãªã„å¯èƒ½æ€§ãŒã‚ã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="equivs">
| 	<heading><package>equivs</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>equivs</package> is another package for making packages.  It
| is often suggested for local use if you need to make a package simply
| to fulfill dependancies.  It is also sometimes used when making
| ``meta-packages'', which are packages whose only purpose is to depend
| on other packages.

      <sect id="equivs">
	<heading><package>equivs</package>
	<p>
<package>equivs</package> ã¯ã€ãƒ‘ッケージ作æˆç”¨ã«
ã¾ãŸåˆ¥ã«ç”¨æ„ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„るパッケージã§ã™ã€‚
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã¯ã€
å˜ã«ä¾å­˜é–¢ä¿‚を満ãŸã™ãŸã‚ã«ãƒ‘ッケージを作æˆã—ãªã‘ã‚Œã°ãªã‚‰ãªã„å ´åˆãªã©ã®ã€
ローカルãªåˆ©ç”¨ã«ã—ã°ã—ã°æŽ¨å¥¨ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ã§ã™ã€‚
ã¾ãŸã€ä»–パッケージã«ä¾å­˜ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã®ã¿ã‚’目的ã¨ã—ãŸãƒ‘ッケージ
``meta-packages'' を作æˆã™ã‚‹å ´åˆãªã©ã«ã‚‚利用ã•ã‚Œã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="cvs-buildpackage">
| 	<heading><package>cvs-buildpackage</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>cvs-buildpackage</package> provides the capability to inject
| or import Debian source packages into a CVS repository, build a Debian
| package from the CVS repository, and helps in integrating upstream
| changes into the repository.

      <sect id="cvs-buildpackage">
	<heading><package>cvs-buildpackage</package>
	<p>
<package>cvs-buildpackage</package> ã¯ã€
Debian ソースパッケージ㮠CVS リãƒã‚¸ãƒˆãƒªã¸ã®å°Žå…¥ã‚„インãƒãƒ¼ãƒˆã€
CVS リãƒã‚¸ãƒˆãƒªã‹ã‚‰ã® Debian パッケージã®ãƒ“ルドã€
アップストリームã«ãŠã‘る変更ã®ãƒªãƒã‚¸ãƒˆãƒªã¸ã®çµ±åˆã®è£œåŠ©
ã¨ã„ã£ãŸæ©Ÿèƒ½ã‚’æä¾›ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚

| 	<p>
| These utilities provide an infrastructure to facilitate the use of CVS
| by Debian maintainers. This allows one to keep separate CVS branches
| of a package for <em>stable</em>, <em>unstable</em>, and possibly
| <em>experimental</em> distributions, along with the other benefits of
| a version control system.

	<p>
ã“れらã®ãƒ¦ãƒ¼ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒªãƒ†ã‚£ã¯ã€Debian 開発者ã«ã‚ˆã‚‹ CVS 
ã®åˆ©ç”¨ã‚’容易ã«ã™ã‚‹ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ•ãƒ©ã‚’æä¾›ã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã‚’利用ã™ã‚Œã°ã€ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¸ãƒ§ãƒ³ã‚³ãƒ³ãƒˆãƒ­ãƒ¼ãƒ«ã‚·ã‚¹ãƒ†ãƒ ã®åˆ©ç‚¹ã‚’生ã‹ã—ã¦ã€
<em>stable</em> ã‚„ã€<em>unstable</em>ã€å ´åˆã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ã¯ <em>experimental</em> 
ã¨ã„ã£ãŸãƒ‡ã‚£ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒªãƒ“ューションå‘ã‘ã«ã€ã‚るパッケージを独立ã—ãŸè¤‡æ•°ã® 
CVS ブランãƒã«ã¦ç®¡ç†ã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="dupload">
| 	<heading><package>dupload</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>dupload</package> is a package and a script to automagically
| upload Debian packages to the Debian archive, to log the upload, and
| to send mail about the upload of a package.  You can configure it for
| new upload locations or methods.

      <sect id="dupload">
	<heading><package>dupload</package>
	<p>
<package>dupload</package> ã¯ã€
Debian パッケージを Debian アーカイブã«è‡ªå‹•ã‚¢ãƒƒãƒ—ロードã—ãŸã‚Šã€
アップロードã®ãƒ­ã‚°ã‚’ã¨ã£ãŸã‚Šã€
パッケーアップロードã«é–¢ã™ã‚‹é›»å­ãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒ«ã‚’é€ä¿¡ã—ãŸã‚Šã™ã‚‹ã€
スクリプトãŠã‚ˆã³ãƒ‘ッケージã§ã™ã€‚
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã§ã¯ã€æ–°è¦ã‚¢ãƒƒãƒ—ロードを行ãªã†å…ˆã®å ´æ‰€ã‚„ã€
ãã®æ–¹æ³•ã‚’設定ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚‚å¯èƒ½ã§ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="fakeroot">
| 	<heading><package>fakeroot</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>fakeroot</package> simulates root privileges.  This enables
| you to build packages without being root (packages usually want to
| install files with root ownership).  If you have
| <package>fakeroot</package> installed, you can say, i.e.,
| <tt>dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot</tt> as a user.

      <sect id="fakeroot">
	<heading><package>fakeroot</package>
	<p>
<package>fakeroot</package> 㯠root 権é™ã‚’シミュレートã—ã¾ã™ã€‚
ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã‚’利用ã™ã‚Œã°ã€root ã«ãªã‚‰ãšã«ãƒ‘ッケージをビルドã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚
(å„パッケージã§ã¯ã€é€šå¸¸ root
 ã®æ‰€æœ‰æ¨©ã§ãƒ•ã‚¡ã‚¤ãƒ«ãŒã‚¤ãƒ³ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒ¼ãƒ«ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹å¿…è¦ãŒã‚ã‚Šã¾ã™ã€‚)
<package>fakeroot</package> ãŒã‚¤ãƒ³ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒ¼ãƒ«ã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚Œã°ã€
一般ユーザã§ã€ä¾‹ãˆã° <tt>dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot</tt> 
ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="devscripts">
| 	<heading><package>devscripts</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>devscripts</package> is a package containing a few wrappers
| and tools which you may find helpful for maintaining your Debian
| packages.  Example scripts include <prgn>debchange</prgn>, which will
| manipulate your <file>debian/changelog</file> file from the
| command-line, and <prgn>debuild</prgn>, which is a wrapper around
| <prgn>dpkg-buildpackage</prgn>.

      <sect id="devscripts">
	<heading><package>devscripts</package>
	<p>
<package>devscripts</package> ã¯ã€Debian パッケージ開発ã«å½¹ç«‹ã¤
ラッパーやツールをåŽéŒ²ã—ãŸãƒ‘ッケージã§ã™ã€‚
例題スクリプトã¨ã—ã¦ã€<file>debian/changelog</file> 
ファイルをコマンドラインã‹ã‚‰æ“作ã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã® <prgn>debchange</prgn> 
ã‚„ã€<prgn>dpkg-buildpackage</prgn> ã®ãƒ©ãƒƒãƒ‘ーã§ã‚ã‚‹ <prgn>debuild</prgn> 
ãŒå«ã¾ã‚Œã¦ã„ã¾ã™ã€‚

|       <sect id="debget">
| 	<heading><package>debget</package>
| 	<p>
| <package>debget</package> is a package containing a convenient script
| which can be helpful in downloading files from the Debian archive.
| You can use it to download source packages, for instance.

      <sect id="debget">
	<heading><package>debget</package>
	<p>
<package>debget</package> ã¯ã€Debian 
アーカイブã‹ã‚‰ãƒ•ã‚¡ã‚¤ãƒ«ã‚’ダウンロードã™ã‚‹éš›ã«å½¹ç«‹ã¤
便利ãªã‚¹ã‚¯ãƒªãƒ—トをåŽéŒ²ã—ãŸãƒ‘ッケージã§ã™ã€‚
例ãˆã°ã€ã‚½ãƒ¼ã‚¹ãƒ‘ッケージã®ãƒ€ã‚¦ãƒ³ãƒ­ãƒ¼ãƒ‰ã«ã“ã¡ã‚‰ã‚’利用ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒã§ãã¾ã™ã€‚

-- 
Yoshizumi Endo <y-endo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>