かねこです。 Kobayashi Noritada -san wrote: > 小林です。 > > # なんかあちこち止まっていますがもう少々お待ちを……。 > > Debian JP サイトの debian-policy ページ[1]が古すぎるにもほどがあるので、 > かねこさんによる新しい debian-policy 訳を適用しようと作業中なのですが、 3.7.2.2 と 3.7.2.3 の diff を流していないため、そのままだと当たらないはずです。 とりあえず 3.8.0.1 の全文を流しておきます。 -- -- Seiji KanekoTitle: Debian Policy Manual %versiondata; ]>
Υޥ˥奢ϥեեȥǤեեȥȯԤ GNU ̸ͭѵ (GPL) С 2 ꤹβǤκۤӲѤĤޤ GPL ˴ؤƤϡС 2 ʹߤΤΤǤФɤѤƤ⤫ޤޤ
ʸͭѤǤȤԤβۤƤޤ ̵ݾڤǤ ˡ뤤ŪŬȤݾڤϡƤ뤫ݤ鷺¸ߤޤ ܤ GNU ̸ͭѵ
GNU ̸ͭѵΥԡϡDebian GNU/Linux
ǥȥӥ塼Ǥ
Υޥ˥奢ǤϡDebian GNU/Linux ǥȥӥ塼Υݥꥷ ()ʤ Debian ᤵ뤤ĤɬˤĤޤ ΥݥꥷˤϡDebian ֤ιơڥ졼ƥƥȤƤ Debian ߷פ˴ؤ뤤Ĥλ˲äơ줾Υѥåǥȥӥ塼˼뤿ʤФʤʤŪɬޤޤޤ
Υޥ˥奢 Debian ѥå˱ä Debian
ݥꥷܤƤޤϥѥåܤǤϤʤѥåƥεưˤĤŪ˵ܤΤǤ⤢ޤ
Υޥ˥奢ϡΤ褦ʼȤϡȯԤ̤ƤɬפΤѥåƥȤΥեꤹ뤳ȤͤäΤǤ
ˤϡ˼ϿƤϡΤɤ餫°Ƥ뤳ȤǤ
Υޥ˥奢εñΤΤΤǤꡢDebian ݥꥷΰǤϤޤ
Υޥ˥奢ϿʬɬϤ˱äƤϤޤܺ٤ Ȥ
Υޥ˥奢εϤ˽äƤƤʬǤ ʤФʤʤ ٤ǤƤ褤 Ȥ졢 ɬפ侩줿ץȤ ȤƻϤΥݥꥷʸ͡ʥɥ饤ν٤˻ȤƤޤ ʤФʤʤ Ȥ줿ޤ ɬפ Ȥ줿ɥ饤˽äƤʤѥåϰŪ Debian ǥȥӥ塼˼ۤ뤳ȤϤǤʤȽǤޤ ٤Ǥ ޤ 侩줿 ɥ饤 ؤŬ̾ϥХȸʤޤǥȥӥ塼 ŬȤޤǤϤޤƤ褤 ޤ ץȤ ȤʤäƤ륬ɥ饤˥ץǤꡢɥ饤˽ɤϥƥʤȽǤǤƤޤ
ʬ绨Ĥ˸äơХʬ serious
(ʤФʤʤ ɬפ ʬ˰ȿ)
minornormal important
(٤Ǥ ޤ
侩줿 ʬ˰ȿ)wishlist
(ץȤ ) Ƥޤ
RFC 2119 ȡ
âñʸǰäǻȤƤޤ
Υޥ˥奢˺ܤäƤ¿ϡDebian ֤ؤμϿʳˡۤ褦ʡ 뤤Ϥ긵ǻȤۤϤʤȤäѥåݤˤΩĤǤ礦
Υޥ˥奢ϡDebian ѥå
ʸκǿǤ Debian Web ߥ顼
ʸϡǽ "Debian GNU/Linux Policy Manual" Ȥ̾ 1996 ǯ Ian Jackson ˤޤǽβ 1996-11-27 David A. Morris ˤΤǡChristian Schwarz 1997-03-15 ˿ʾϤä1997 ǯ 4 7 ˤơƤޤȤľޤ Christoph Lameter "Web Standard" ʬޤ Julian Gilbey 2001 ǯԤʤޤ
1998 ǯ 9 ʹߤϡʸƤʸդ
ʸɮԤϡ¾Τʤʤ褦Ǥ¤ϤϤޤǤְ㤤ޤ
⤷ʸƤ˸Ĥꡢ餫ΰոơɾ䤿ȤˤϡDebian
ݥꥷꥹ
ݥꥷѹ˴ؤƤϡľԤݥꥷޥ˥奢ΥƥʤϢʤǤ
ܸϡDebian-doc-jp ꥹ (Ȭġܡͤ
˧) ˤޤ
ܸ˴ؤ뤴ոۤ debian-doc ꥹ
Υݥꥷޥ˥奢ʳˤ⡢Debian ݥꥷȼ³뤿ˤɬפʡϢʸĤޤ
Τ褦ʡ֥֥ݥꥷʸפʲƤޤ
ݥꥷΰôʸȤ̤ˡDebian Developer's Reference ޤʸ Debian γȯԤμȥˤĤƵܤ줿ΤǤϤȤʤΤǤ ޤ षݥꥷ˴ޤޤʤơ㤨йޤȯԤκ㡢ʤɤܤΤǤ
Developer's Reference
Debian GNU/Linux ƥ ѥå νΤȤ ۤƤޤDebian ˤ˿¿ (ͥ 15000 İʾ) ѥåޤޤޤΤǡ갷ά뤿ѥå ץ饤ƥ ˤäʬवƤޤ
Debian ץȤϥեʥڥ졼ƥƥιܻۤؤϤŤͤƤޤ䤿ѲǽˤȻפƤΥѥå䤿˱ä ե (ܤϲܤ ) ʤΤȤʤäƤ櫓ǤϤʤޤ¤ʤ͢ǤΤȤʤäƤޤ ǡDebian ֤ϡΥեȥΥ饤䤽¾¾˴ŤơĤۥꥢޤϥƥȤʬ䤵Ƥޤ
Ū
Debian GNU/Linux ǥȥӥ塼 Ȥ main ƥΤȤǤ
İʳۥꥢ (contrib non-free) ˼ϿƤѥå Debian ǥȥӥ塼ΰȤϸʤޤ ʤ顢䤿ϤΥѥåѤǤ褦ݡȤޤ ޤФ륤ե饹ȥ饯 (ХץƥꥹȤʤ) ޤ Debian ݥꥷޥ˥奢εҤϤΥѥåˤŬѤޤ
Debian եեȥɥ饤 (DFSG) ϻ䤿
֥եեȥפǤȹͤ륽եȥǤ
main ˼Ͽѥå DFSG (Debian եեȥɥ饤) ˽ƤʤФʤޤ
äơmain ˼Ͽѥå
contrib
˼ϿƤΥѥå DFSG ˽ƤʤФʤޤ
¾ contrib
ʤɤۥꥢǤ롢Ȥܤ硣
˲äơcontrib non-US/contrib
Υѥå
contrib ˴ޤ뤳ȤǤ褦ʥѥåȤƤ
DFSG ˽Ƥʤѥåޤõ䤽¾ˡŪΤۤΤѥå non-free ˼ϿʤФޤ
˲äơnon-free Υѥå
㤨ХѰդǤʤʤɤΥѥåȤΤǤʤ뤳ȤϵƤޤ
ξϸġ˽֤ɬפޤ
ƤΥѥåϡۥ饤̵Υԡ
䤿ϡΤ褦ʾ˥ե䤿Υ֤ؼϿ뤳Ȥ¤븢αݤޤ
桼ФƺԤؤδդ夷Ƥץ main ۤ뤳ȤϡκԤդʤȤƻŪǤȤŪǤȤˡǤȤहĥƤʤ¤ʤꤢޤ ǤʤФΥץ non-free ʬषʤФޤ
ǧɽ (뤤õˤä) ХʥΤߤκۤǧƤ餺ޤ̤ʵĤƤʤץΥѥåϡ Debian FTP Ȥˤ⤽Υߥ顼ˤ֤ƤϤޤ
ˡ (ϥꥫ罰ǤŬѤޤ) βǤϡ Ƥʤ¤ꡢʤۤѹ ǧƤʤ ȤդƤ ɽƤʤץˤ ¸ߤ ΤǤꡢΤ褦ʥץ˲餫η äȤȤϡʤƤ⤪ʤȤȤǤ! ƱͤˡƤ뤬ĤƤ뤫Ҥ٤ƤʤץȤϡʤˤĤƤʤȤȤ¾ʤޤ
¿κԤϡ¤ΤĤ (뤤ɽηǡ) ԤΰտޤȤƤϥեʤϤäեȥΥ桼ˤ⤿餹ˤĤƵĤƤޤ ǡΤ褦ʺԤϢȤäŤ˸ĤΥ饤ѹƤ餦褦Τ¿ξäƤߤͤ뤳ȤǤ ȤΰĤǤꡢޤ ʲܤΤ褦 debian-legal ǽ٤Ǥ礦
⤷ˤĤƵС
갷ά뤿ᡢmaincontrib non-free γƥƥ˴ޤޤƤΥѥåϡ ʬवޤ
줾ΥѥåΥƥȥϥѥå
Section ȥե (control record)
ǻꤹ٤Ǥ ( )â
Debian ǥȥӥ塼ȤƤΰݾڤ뤿ᡢDebian
֤δԤ뤳Ȥޤ
Section եɤϰʲηȤޤ
Debian ֥ƥʤθꥹȤޤ Ǥϡϲ̤Ǥ admin, comm, devel, doc, editorselectronicsembedded gamesgnomegraphics hamradiointerpreterskde libslibdevelmail mathmiscnetnews oldlibs, otherosfsperlpython scienceshells soundtextext utilswebx11
줽ΥѥåˤϽ ץ饤ƥ (priority) ͤꤵƤ٤Ǥͤϥѥå ȥե ˴ޤޤƤޤ ( )ξ Debian Υѥåġ뤬ץ饤ƥι⤤ѥå㤤ѥå̤ݤѤޤ
Debian ѥåƥबǧ priority
˼ޤ
䤿ϲˤޤƤޤե
Unix ϤȤƤ櫓Ǥ顢ϽפʴǤ
ѥåϤ㤤ץ饤ƥɾͿ줿ѥå˰¸ƤϤʤޤ (ӥɻΰ¸Ͻޤ) ݾڤ뤿ᡢĤޤʣΥѥåΥץ饤ƥĴʤФʤʤ礬ޤ
Debian GNU/Linux ǥȥӥ塼
ƤΥѥå Debian ˤƽʣʤ̾äƤʤФʤޤ
ѥå̾ե Package ˴ޤޤޤ ޤΥեޥåȤ ǵܤƤޤ ѥå̾ .deb եΥե̾ΰȤƤޤޤƤޤ
ƥѥåե Version ˥СֹޤޤΥեޥåȤ ǵܤƤޤ
ˤäƥѥååץ졼ɤΤ 뤤ϥ졼ɤΤΤ뤳ȤǤޤ ˥ѥåեȥɥץब Ƥη̡ѥåƥ˥ȡ뤵ƤΤ⿷ΤɤȽǤ뤳ȤǤ褦ˤʤޤ Сֹη (Ӥ˴ؤ¤) פʤΤˤȤʤäƤޤ
⤷ήΥѥåΤСֹˤʤäƤʤС Version եɤǤϤޤȤʷѴ٤Ǥ
ŪˡDebian ѥåϾήƱСֹȤ٤Ǥ
ήΥСֹ椬դ˴Ť褦ʾ (㤨Сȯ "snapshot" ξ) ˤϡѥåƥϤΤ褦ʥСֹ epoch Ȥ鷺˰ȤϤǤޤ 㤨Сdpkg "96May01" "96Dec24" 礭ȽǤǤ礦
Τ褦ʾˡοήСФ epoch ȤʤƺѤ褦ˤ뤿ˤϡդˤСֹ "19960501""19961224" Ȥäѹ٤Ǥ ήΥƥʤˡήΥСֹѹ褦ˤꤤ뤫ɤϥƥʤκϰϤǤ
դ˴ŤΤۤΥСֹνѥåƥˤäϤʤ顢ΥСֹѹ ٤ǤϤʤ ȤդƲ
Debian ͭΥѥå (ĤޤꡢDebian ̤˽줿ѥå) ΥСֹդޤʤС `YYYYMMDD' ȤȤ٤Ǥ
ƤΥѥåˤϰͤޤϰ쥰롼פ Debian ƥ (̾θĿͤǤäƤ⡢ꥹȤʤɤζ̤ΰĤΥ륢ɥ쥹Ϣμ륰롼פǤäƤ⤫ޤޤ) ʤФʤޤ οʪϡΥѥåŬڤʥǥȥӥ塼˼ϿƤ뤳ȤФǤޤ
Debian ѥåΥƥʤϳƥѥå Maintainer եɤˡ̾ͭŻҥ륢ɥ쥹ξˤꤵƤʤФʤޤ ⤷οͤĤΥѥåƤ硢ġΥѥå Maintainer եɤ˰ۤʤä̾Żҥ륢ɥ쥹뤳Ȥ٤Ǥ
Maintainer եɤνϡ ǵܤƤޤ
⤷ѥåΥƥʤ Debian ץȤʤ顢
ï¾οͤλŻ˻ִꤹޤ Debian QA 롼
ǫ˹Ԥξܺ٤ Debian Developer's
Reference (ȯԤμ) ˽Ƥޤ
Ȥ
Ƥ Debian ѥåˤϡȥեŬڤʥեɤ˾ܺ٤ʸƤʤФʤޤ Description եɤνεŪܺ٤ ˵ܤƤޤ
ʸϡΥѥåΤȤΤʤ桼 (ƥ) Υѥå (ץ) ȡ뤹뤫ɤȽǤˤäƽʬʾ褦˽Ƥ٤Ǥ ʸϥץʸΤޤޥԡΤΤȤ٤ǤϤޤ
פȡĹΤɤˤĤƤפʾǽ˽Ƥ פκǽʬɽʤ礬뤿Ǥ ܤΤʤѰդƤ뤳ȤꤷƤ⤫ޤʤǤ礦
ʸˤϥѥå֤νפʰ¸ط (dependency) 䶥ط (conflict) ξ⼨Ƥ٤Ǥ Ǥʤȡ桼ˤϤʤط¸طԶ礬ƤΤʬޤ
ޤΥѥåꤷȤäꤹ뤿βޤ٤ǤϤޤ (ϥȡ륹ץȡޥ˥奢ڡInfo եʤɤǰ٤Ǥ) ɽ䤽¾˴طΤȤޤޤ٤ǤϤޤ ˤ copyright ե뤬ѰդƤޤ
Ԥˤϴʷˤ٤ǤȾѴ 80 ʸʲȤƤ
ѥå̾ (Synopsis) ιԤʤǤ ʤƤ⡢ɽեȥϥѥå̾ưŪɽ褦ˤʤäƤޤ ¿ξ硢桼ܤˤդΤϤԤʤΤǡʤ٤ʬ䤹ˤ褦ˤƤ
嵭ΰ餽Τޤް³ʸ³ʤǤ ʸΤɽƤˤޤޤ ޤɽƤΤߤǤ̣ʤޤ
ܺ٤βʬϤΥѥåΤ (㤨СΥѥå Debian ƥΤΡɤʬ°ƤΤ) ˤĤƵޤ
ʸïǤ⡢㤨ФΥѥåäƤʬΤȤΤʤͤǤǤ褦
ΥץˤȤդƤ륢ʥ
ƤΥѥåˤϡ줬ư뤿ˤޤɬפȤʤ¾ΥѥåˤĤƤΰ¸ꤵƤʤФʤޤ
㤨Сѥå˴ޤޤƤ롢ưŪ˥줿¹ԷХʥ꤬ɬפȤ붦ͭ饤֥ϡ¸طΥȥƤʤФʤޤ
ѥåȡ뤹ˤ⤦ĤΥѥåȡ뤵 ꤵƤ뤳ȤɬפȤ뤳Ȥޤ ξ硢Υѥåˤ Pre-Depends ȥꤷʤФʤޤ
debian-devel ꥹȤǵƱդˡѥå Pre-Depends ȥꤹ٤ǤϤޤ
ѥåߴطꤹեɤν ˵ܤƤޤ
¿쾯ʤƱ褦ʻŻʤѥåĤ¸ߤȤȤޤ ξ硢ѥåĶ̤εǽ̾ ۥѥå ΤǤ (ۥѥåŪ¸ߤǡʪŪˤ¸ߤޤ 줬餬 ȸƤФͳǤ) εǽĤäѥåϳۥѥå ޤ ƤСεǽɬפȤ¾Υѥåñˤβۥѥå˰¸褦ˤС ǽΤƤΥѥåʤƤɤ櫓Ǥ
ƤΥѥåϤΤŬʤȤˤϲۥѥå̾Ȥ٤ǡ⤷ɬפʤпۥѥå̾褦ˤʤФʤޤ âƱդ졢ۥѥå̾ΰ˷Ǻܤޤǡۥѥå̾Ȥ٤ǤϤޤ (ˡߤ˴Ϣ췲Υѥåδ֤ǻȤϽ) ι˴ؤƤϡ Ȳ
ʲۥѥå̾ΰκǿǤ debian-policy
ѥåƱƤޤޤDebian ֥ߥ顼Ф
ΥꥹȤ뤿μ³ˤĤƤϤΰեΤϤ˵ҤƤޤ
base ƥϡƥ˱¾Ƥäƥȡ뤵롢 Debian GNU/Linux ƥκǾΥ֥åȤޤ äơɬפȤʤǥ̤˾ݤĤᡢΥѥåΤߤ base ƥΰȤʤ뤳ȤǧƤޤ
base ƥϥץ饤ƥɾ required important ΥѥåΤǹƤޤ ޤȾˤ essential ( ) ղäƤǤ礦
ĤΥѥåˤ Essential եեɤ Essential ꤬ղäƤޤEssential եեɤν ǵܤƤޤ
ΥѥåϴñˤϺǤޤ (ˤ
dpkg Essential ѥå̤ʾ֤Ǥ¾ΥѥåΥåץ졼ɤߤ뤳ȤϤޤΤǡ Essential ѥåϤ٤ơ̤֤ǤܵǽϤ٤Ƥɬפޤ ѥåξʤˤϤΥѥå Essential ԤäƤϤޤΥѥå˰¸¾ΥѥåŪŬڤʰ¸طեɤͿʤФޤ
debian-devel ꥹȤǵƱդʤ¤ꡢѥå Essential ղäƤϤʤޤ
ѥåΥȡ륹ץȤǤϡ桼ˤȤäƸɬפʤϤ뤳Ȥ٤Ǥ
ޤ̤Υѥåȡ뤹ݤ˥桼ΤΤ⡢
ȡ륹ץȤμ¹˵ä顼ϥåʤФʤޤ顼θ奤ȡμ¹Ԥ³ƤϤʤޤ
ѥåΥƥʤȶĤˡΥѥå°ե֤٤
ֶ̤Ρץޥ̾ (뤤ϡŪ˥ե̾)
ζŪʼ뤹٤ƤΥѥå
ѥåƥʥץȤϡɬפ˱ƥץץȤȤäƥ桼Ϥ¥ȤǤޤ
ץץɽ Debian ͤǰʹߤ˽ץ
(㤨
Jargon ե: ʬμ - 2. ˤϡ餫ᶡ뤵Ƥ饤֥ (Ǥ㤨 debconf ΤȤǤ)
ǹԤ٤ޤڤäΤʤˤʬǽ
Debian ͤǤϡ
Debian ͤѤѥåˤϡ楢
.deb ѥå control.tar.gz Ǥ
꤬ϤޤޤǤ Debian ͤ
Debian ͤ˽ѥåǤϡ
ѥåϤ餬ɬפȤ̤Ǿ褦Ϥ٤Ǥ
ޤѥåϥ桼ˤ줾μʹ褦ˤʤäƤ뤳ȤǧƤ٤Ǥ
ߺդƸȡѥåϤ켫ȤɬפȤϢξΤ䤹ΤǤϤʤ
Ŭڤʶͭե (㤨
Ϥޤåץ졼ɻˡ桼 dpkg --purge
ѤƤΥѥå褦ꤷƤʤ¤ꡢƱ٤٤ǤϤʤȤȤ̣ޤ
μϥ桼ѹǤ褦
⤷Υѥå桼Τ餻ʤФʤʤ˽פʾäƤ
(㤨С֤ΤޤޤǼ¹ԤʤǤեǽԽʤȡ
ʤΥƥब㤰ʥåǤФƤޤޤ)
ξ
ɤɬפʼ⡢Ƥξ
ѥåˤϡʤΥѥåǸικݤ˥ѥåΥѥǽλǺǿΥѥåΥСꤹ٤Ǥ
ξϡʤΥѥåޤˤ켰ˤʤäƤޤäȤ˼ưŪ˥ХݡȤФΤ˻Ȥޤ
ΥС Standards-Version եɤǻꤵޤStandards-Version եɤν ǵܤƤޤ
˺ǿΥݥꥷޥ˥奢åƤޤ礦
ʤ˥ѥåΤäơ줬ŤʤäƤޤäƤʤäɬפǤ
ξɬפХѥåΥåץǡȤԤäƲ
ʤΥѥå
ʸγǤδ֤ǥݥꥷˤɤΤ褦ѹä줿ˤĤƤ
ѥåˤϡӥɤ뤿˥ȡ뤵ƤʤФʤʤ ޤϥȡ뤵ƤƤϤʤ褦ʥХʥѥåƤ٤Ǥ 㤨ΥѥǤʤȥӥɤǤʤ硢ӥɻ¸ȤƤΥѥ餬ꤵƤ٤Ǥ
ѥ˺Ǿɬפʥѥå (㤨 C C++
ǽ줿 "Hello World!" Τ褦ʥץѥ롢
Debian ѥå뤿ɬפʤ)
ޤǥӥɻ¸ΤΤȤƻꤹɬפϤޤ
Τ褦ʾɬפȤʤѥå
build-essential ȸƤФ졢build-essential
ѥå˼ϿƤե
§β⡧
ӥɻ¸Υѥåꤹ硢ŪΥѥåӥɤΤľɬפǤΤΤߤꥹȥåפ٤Ǥ
ӥɻ¸ȤƵѥå¸ƤȤͳǥѥåɬפϤޤ
ϡ¸طѲΤǤƤʤ
ʬ ľɬפʤ
٤Ǥ¾ΥѥåϤοãǤǤ
㤨С
ӥɻΰ¸طꤵƤ硢essential ѥåbuild-essential ѥåڤӰ¸طΥѥå (Υѥå¸Ƥʪޤ) ·äƤ륷ƥǥѥåΥӥɤǤʤФޤ ΤȤϡ¸طƤˡְäƤ̷ޤѥåФʤ褦 ӥɻ¸ФСֹ椬̩˻ꤵ٤Ǥ뤳Ȥ̣ޤ
ɤؤѹ Debian ƥǤθͭɬפˤΤǤʤʤ顢åץȥκԤˤκԤ˾Ǥѹޤ뤳ȤǤ褦ѹ٤Ǥ
ѥå Debian ⤷ Linux ˽ɬפꡢ
åץȥΥԤʤƤʤ硢
Τ褦ʼʤɲä٤Ǥ(㤨
⤷GNU
Debian ǤΥѥåѹƴʷ Debian changelog ե
changelogs θ̾ϸŤ changelog ȥѹơˤ⤹٤ꡢñ˿ changelog ɲäƽ褤ˡǤ
ԤѥåݼôԤǤ⤢硢ѥåƤѹФƤ changelog
Ȥ褦ˤ뤳ȤǤޤξˤϥѥå丵ΥݼôԤ㤦ͤˤʤäˤϡ̾ѹʤФʤޤ
âΤ褦ʾˤϤΥѥå Debian
ΥѥåȤϤݼ餷ɤǤ礦
νϼ˼ΤҤȤĤʤˤʤäΤǤ
[ԤƤ褤ϤϺޤ] [ԤƤ褤ʬζԤ dpkg-parsechangelog νϤ˴ޤޤޤ] [ԤƤ褤ϤϺޤ]
package version ϥѥå̾ȥСǤ
distribution(s) ˤϡΥСåץɤȤ˥ȡ뤵ǥȥӥ塼ꥹȤޤ
- ϡ
urgency ϡåץɻ
ܺ٤ѹϡºݤˤϺĤΥڡǤϤޤϢιԤ˵ƤФΤǤ Ū˳ѹսϥꥹʬΥΤΥڡǻϤᡢ³ԤϥǥȤϤβս꤬ʬ褦ʸϤˤƤޤ ˾ΤǤСϢѹսʬΥΤ˶ԤѤǤޤ
ΥåץɤХȥåƥ (BTS)
ǵϿ줿ХΤʤСchangelog
closes: Bug#nnnnn
Τˤϡʲ Perl ɽ˥ޥå褦ʸǤ
changelog ե˵ܤƥʤ̾Żҥ륢ɥ쥹 СåץɤͤˤĤƵƤ٤Ǥ ɬ̾ΥѥåԤǤɬפ ޤ Ǥξϡ.changes ե Changed-By ( ) եɤ˥ԡ졢θ奢åץɤδλΤ뤿˻Ѥޤ
RFC822 եޥå
RFC2822 ȡ
ѥå̾ǤϤޤǽΡ֥ȥפιԤϡͤˤ٤Ǥ ³ԡեեɤξܺ٤Τ˰ĤΥڡϤ٤Ǥ Ԥξܺ٤եեɤϡΤĤΥڡˤäƶڤƤʤФޤ
Хʥѥå֤ changelog եνˤĤƤΤܤ Ȥ
ŪʥѥåʳǤϡ
ѤΥѡѰդ뤳ȤǡɸŪǤʤѤ뤳ȤǽǤ
Υѡ
ؿ (Ǥ) ΤǤȤˤϡ
ƥѥåˤϡ۾Υ饤ʸΤޤޤη
İʾΥ륳ޥ (ˤϥ롼פλѤ⳺ޤ) makefile ΥޥɤȤƻȤȤˤϤĤǤ⡢ 顼ªƤ뤫ɤΤʤФʤޤ ǥ쥯ȥܤäƤץ¹Ԥ롢Ȥ褦ñʣ祳ޥɤǤϡޥɥѥ졼ȤƥߥȤΤǤϤʤ && ǤĤʤнʬǤ礦 ¿Υ롼פＰȤäʣʥޥɷФƤϡ ºݤˤϤξʥ륹ץȤΰĤƤӽФƤ makefile ޥɤΤ줾ƬΩ set -e ޤ٤Ǥ
ƥʤϲǽʸ¤ήΥեιѥåѹʤǤ٤Ǥ
ॹפݻͳդȤƤϡեκ֤Τ뤳Ȥˤä뤫Ǥ
㤨Сʸν֤뤳Ȥˤäơ줬˸ŤΤǤ뤳ȤΤ뤳ȤǤ롢ʤɤǤ
Ǥ顢ήΥν֤ݻƤΤϤȤƤɤȤǤ
ѥåˤϡϡɥ
ߡѥåΥӥ˥ϡɥϸФ줺
ѥåŸˤΤ߸Фޤ
衢ϡɥ褦ˤʤ뤫⤷ޤ
ˤϤޤ¿κȤɬפȤʤޤ
setgid 줿ǥ쥯ȥϵޤ
Υեϼ¹Բǽ makefile ǡѥåѥ뤷Хʥѥåۤ뤿ΥѥåͭΥ쥷ԤޤǤޤ
ΥեƬ #!/usr/bin/make -f ȤԤǤʤФʤޤ
÷
åȤϼ̤Ǥ (ä˵ܤƤʤ¤ꡢʲΥåȤɬפǤ)
build åȤϥѥåι (ӥ)
ʤƤΥѥåŪȥѥԤʤޤ
⤷ѥå˥ӥ÷롼ϡDebian
줿ѥåȤԤʤäǥӥɤ뤫
(ϡƤӤ˥Хʥѥåӥɽ褦ˤ뤿Ǥ)롼÷ˤʤ褦ѹʤФޤ
ƥͭεǽθФ롼ǹԤ褦ˤʤäƤϡԤŬڤǤ
ĤΥѥåǡƱΥĥ餽줾㤦ĤΥХʥѥå礬ޤ
build åȤϤˤбǤޤ
ξϡ줾ιˡˤäơ2
Ĥޤ ʾΥå (
롼ȸ¤ɬפʤȤ build
åȤǼ¹ԤƤϤޤ
ޤbuild åȤˡ
clean 餻ɬפ뤳ȤϤޤޤ
ʲȤ
ѥå롼Ĺ֤䡢makefile
߷פޤ硢ޤ build clean
μ¹Ԥɬפʾˤϡӥɥץνλ touch
build ¹ԤƤΤ褤Ǥ礦ˤäơ
debian/rules build
ټ¹Ԥ줿ȤˡץΤƹۤʤƤߤޤ
ƱͤΤȤԤݤˤ褯ȤƤˡˡ
build
ѥå build-arch build-indep
ξΥåȤꤹ뤳Ȥޤ
build-arch åȤꤵ줿硢ϥƥ¸ΥХʥѥå
(Υѥåˤϡdebian/control
Architecture եɤ all
ʳΤΤꤵƤޤ)
Τɬפʤ٤Ƥ÷ν¹Ԥޤ
Ʊͤ build-indep åȤꤵ줿硢ϥƥ¸ΥХʥѥå
(Υѥåˤϡdebian/control
Architecture եɤͤ all Ǥ)
Τɬפʤ٤Ƥ÷ν¹Ԥޤ
build åȤϡbuild-arch ޤ
build-indep rules
ե˻ꤵƤ硢˰¸طꤹ٤Ǥ
build-arch build-indep
ΰ뤤ϤꤵƤʤ硢
build-arch build-indep Ǥϡroot
¤ɬפʤȤԤäƤϤޤ
binary åȤϡ桼ǥѥåХʥѥå
(ʣΤȤ⤢ޤ)
ӥɤǤ褦ʤΤǤʤФޤ
Τ٤ƤΥåȤϡŪưΤǤʤФʤޤ
binary åȤϡĤʬʬޤ:
binary-arch ϡΥƥѤΥե롢
binary-indep ϡʳΤΤޤ
binary ϡޥɤʤñ
binary-arch binary-indep
˰¸褦ʥѥåǤ뤳Ȥϵޤޤ̤ΥѥåǤϤΤ褦ˤʤäƤޤ
ξ binary-* åȤϡ
build åȡ뤤 build-arch
ޤ build-indep
ˤϤ줫Ŭڤʤۤ˰¸٤Ǥ
Τ褦ˤƤС⤷ѥåӥɽѤǤʤȤϥӥɽ»ܤޤ
Ƥθ
binary åȤϡ롼ȸ¤ǵưʤ
Ƥξ硢
build
ιǽҤ٤褦ˡbuild ե뤬
build åȽκǸ touch
ƺƤ硢Υեϡclean
κǽκȤȤƺ٤Ǥ
Ǥ줿 clean θ build
¹Ԥ줿硢٤ƤλǧƤޤͤʤǤ
build åȤ롼ȸ¤Ǽ¹Ԥ줿塢ڤ
binary åȤ¹Ԥ줿ˤϡclean
åȤϥ롼ȸ¤ǵưɬפ뤫⤷ޤ
(㤨Сbuild
ϥǥ쥯ȥ뤳Ȥ⤢뤫Ǥ)
פʥ֥ȤǿǤΥꥸʥ륽ѥåޤ
(FTP WWWͳ)
ꥸʥΥ tar ե
() ˺ƹߤΥǥ쥯ȥ֤ޤ
ΥåȤϡɤΥǥ쥯ȥ꤫¹ԤƤ⤫ޤޤ
ޤĤե褦٤Ǥ
ΥåȤϥץǤ
Ǥ¤Ĥ褤Ǥ礦
ΥåȤǤϡǽȤ뤿β餫
(ɲäξήΥ֤Ÿ䡢ѥåŬѤʤ)
ɬפʾ硢¹Ԥޤdpkg-source -x
μ¹ԤΤߤǤϽǽʥʤѥåξ硢Ѥ侩ޤ
Ȥ
The buildbinary ڤ clean åȤϥѥåΥȥåץǥ쥯ȥȥǥ쥯ȥȤƼ¹ԤʤФޤ
Ƥ롢ޤϤʤեΤ䡢ѥåǻѤ뤿
ѥåºݤ˥ӥɤޥ䡢ȡоݤȤʤޥΥƥϡ
* BUILD HOST Τɤ餫Ǥ
BUILD ξϥѥåӥɤޥλˤʤꡢ
HOST ξˤϥۥȥޥλˤʤޤ
rules եɬפѿŬڤɸͤꤹ뤳ȤˤäơߴݤĤȤǤޤ
ܤ
DEB_*_ARCH ϡӥɤޤϥӥоݤȤʤޥ Debian ƥΤߤꤹΤȤȤƤȤϽפǤ CPU ƥξΤˤȤäƤϤޤ ξˤ GNU ѿȤʤƤϤޤ
ɸδĶѿ DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS ΥݡȤ侩ޤ
ѿϡѥåɤΤ褦˥ѥ롦ӥɤ뤫ѹ뤿ʣΥե饰ޤߤޤ
ƥե饰ϡflag Ȥ
flag=options ȤǤʤФޤ
ʣΥե饰硢ʬΥƤ
ʲΥΰ̣ɸಽƤޤ
̤Υե饰ϡ
ʲ makefile
Ҥϡɤäƥӥɥץ뤫Ǥ
ʬΥѥåư褦ˤ뤿ˤϡҤߤɬפǤ礦
ϡץǤϤޤ侩Υȥեǡ
uscan
桼ƥƥФơ줿ѥåΥåץǡȤ
ftp http ȤˡܤΤǤ
ϡ
ΥեϡĥιŪʬǤϤޤ
ϥѥåӥɤ桢ɤΥե뤬줿ΤϿΤѤޤ
ϥåץɤ륽ѥå˴ޤ٤ǤϤޤ
ơ (Ӥ٤ƤΥХååץեȰե롢㤨С
åץɤ٤ե뤬ѥåȡ
ΥեȥѥåǤϡ¾ΥեȥѥåΥɤμ̤ޤǤꡢ
饳ѥ뤹ݤʣΥѥåɤʤƤѤ褦ˤƤޤ
Debian ѥåǤϡޤޤ¦ΥѥåտŪˤΤ褦˻ȤȤǤʤ
ϡӥɻ¸ꤷƤѥåΰĤȡ뤹ʸեȤƤ⤫ޤޤ ϻȤ줿ʸΤ˵ܤƤꡢŪʥեޥ˥奢ǤϤʤ˸¤ޤ
ѥåƥ϶̤ΥեޥåȤǵҤ줿ǡޤ
ΥեޥåȤ control data
ȸƤӡȥե ˵ܤƤޤ
ȥեϥѥåХʥѥå
ȥեϡĤޤϤʾΥեɤޤ
ϤФϢ (stanza) ȸƤФޤ
İĤϡեɤͤϢ³ΤǤ
ġΥեɤϡ̾Ȥ³ͤˤäƹޤ
ơ(Ū) ǤʿϢ³
(ڡȥ)
ͤ뤳ȤǤޤξ̵뤵ޤ;
Ȥơθ˰Ĥζޤ
㤨СեɤϰʲΤ褦ʤΤǤ
¿ΥեɤʣԤǹƤޤ; ξ硢³Ԥϡ֤ǻϤޤʤ ʤޤ եɤιԤκǸ³䥿̵֤뤵ޤ
ԤʤŪ˽ƤեɤǤϡեɤΤˤϰԤΥǡΤߤƤꡢϰ̣ޤ ϡ ̾ (ѥå䥢ƥ㡢ե롢¾) Сֹ桢ʣΥ饯ΥСطˤϡФˤäƤϤޤ
եɤ̾ˤϡʸʸϴطޤ ʲ˼褦ˡʸʸߤˤϡǽΰʸʸˤΤ̤Ǥ
Ԥȥ֤ǤƤԤϡեɤͤ䡢եɤȥեɤδ֤ˤäƤϤޤ - ϡ̣Ƥޤޤ
ȥեκǽˤϡѥå̤˴ؤϿƤޤ ˰³ʬˤϥĥӥɤ줿Хʥѥåεܤޤ
ʬ (ѥåѤκǽʬ)
ΥեɤϰʲΤΤǤ
ХʥѥåѤΥեɤϰʲΤΤǤ
եɤνỌ̇̄ϰʲǵܤƤޤ
Υեɤϡ
ޤΥեɤϡѿȤޤळȤ⤢ޤ
ͤϡϥȥեȤ
ΥեΥեɤϰʲ̤Ǥ
ΥեϡХʥѥåΥեƱͤǧ졢ʬΥϢΥեɤޤߤޤ
ޤޤեɤʲ˼ޤޤեɤν
Ƥޤ
ѥåȥեϥ֥ӥɻ
ΥեΥեɤϰʲΤΤǤ
Υեɤϡѥå̾Ǥ
ХʥѥåΥȥե桢ޤ
⤷СʥСꤵƤʤ顢Ū˥ѥå̾θ˰ĤζĤޤ
ѥåƥʤ̾ email ɥ쥹Ǥ ǽ̾ʤƤϤޤ θ email ɥ쥹 <> (RFC822 եޥåȤ) ޤ
ѥåƥʤ̾˥ԥꥪɤޤޤƤȡRFC822 ˵ꤵƤʸˡΥߥˤäơƤΥեɤ email ɥ쥹ȤŬѤʤʤޤ; Υեɤɥ쥹ȤƻѤץϡåơɬפǤнʤФޤ (㤨С̾äΤʤƺǸ˰ư email ɥ쥹˻äƤޤ)
ѥåζƱƥʤ硢οͤ̾ email
ɥ쥹ΰǤ⤷ѥå
оݤȤʤѥåͤ̾Żҥ륢ɥ쥹Ǥ ̾ϥƥ̾Ǥ ƥʥեɤƱ롼뤬ŬѤޤ
Υեɤˤϡѥåʬषץꥱʬꤷޤ Ȥ
ΥեɤˤϡΥѥåȡ뤹뤳ȤνƤޤ ȤΤȡ
Хʥѥå̾Ǥ
ѥå̾ϡ Ѿʸ (a-z) (0-9) + - . (ץ饹ȥޥʥԥꥪ) Τߤޤߤޤ ʤȤʸʾǡѿϤޤʤФޤ
ޤǤΥƥȤȡեƤ˰¸ޤ
Architecture ϰʲͤ뤳ȤǤޤ
ѥåΡᥤ
any ϡѥåΥƥ˰¸ʤȤƤꡢ
륢ƥˤ˥ѥǤʤФʤޤ
줿ХʥѥåϡƥΩʤΤǤϤʤ
˻ꤷƥ㤬ʤǤ졢
ΥƥѤ (¸) ΤȤʤޤ
줬Ǥ褯Ȥǡޤ Architecture: all
ǤϤʤѥåǿ侩Ǥ
ƥ㤬Ƥ硢ϥƥ¸Ȥƥӥɤ뤳ȤƤꡢ줿ƥǤΤưޤ
ϥץ˰ܿʤξǻȤǤ
ѥåǤϡ̤ϻȤ٤ǤϤޤ
ѥåۤβǥƥɤΤ褦뤫ˤĤƤξϡ Ƥ
ϡХʥѥåΥȥե桢ޤϥᥤΥǡեΥѥåȤ˵Ҥ Yes/No ͤǤ
yes ȥåȤƤä硢
Υեɤϡѥå֤δطҤޤ ȤƤ
ѥåǿɸ (Debian ݥꥷޥ˥奢뤪Ӥ˴Ϣƥ) ΥСǤ
СʥСϥ㡼ڤӥޥʡСֹ桢˥㡼ڤӥޥʡѥå٥ 4 Ĥοʤޤ ƤΥѥåϤäѹʤˤϡ㡼Сѹޤ ¿Υѥå˽ȤɬפʽפѹξˤϡޥʡСѹ뤳ȤˤäƤޤ ѥå٥ˤĤƤϡѹǤäƤ⡢줬ѹȼˤϥ㡼ѥå٥ѹȤʤޤ ޥʡѥå٥ѹȤʤΤϡɽ̾ѹʸνʤɰ̣礤Ѳ̵硢 ޤѥåƤ˴ؤƱƶͿʤˤʤޤ
äƥޥ˥奢СΤǽ
3 ĤοŪʥСȤƤΰ̣ޤ
ο 3 Ĥˤ뤫 4
ƤȤäƥСꤹ뤫ϡץ
ϥСꤹΤˡ"2.3.0.0"
Ȥͤ˾СֹɽƤޤǽΥѥå٥ѹϿݥꥷƤƳΤǤϤʤᡢ
ʤʥݥꥷƺǽ 3 ĤοǤ "2.3.0"
ǥС褦ˤۤɤȻפ뤫Ǥ
4 ĻȤлȤäƤ⤫ޤޤ
ѥåΥСֹǤϡ [epoch:]upstream_version[-debian_revision] Ǥ
С 3 ĤǤ
ϰʤǤ̤ϾˤʤϤǤ
ȲꤷɤϾάǤޤάˤϡ
upstream_version ˥ޤƤϤޤ
ϥѥåθŤСΥСֹθꡢ
ѥåΰΥСֹηϤΤޤޤ˻ĤƤˤޤ
줬СֹμʬǤ̾پʤ
upstream_version
˴ؤѥåƥӤεưˤĤƤϼǽҤ٤ޤ
Сֹǡ upstream_version
ʬɬܤǤ
upstream_version ϱѿ
ѿ A-Za-z0-9 ΤߤǤ
СΤʬϡΥѥå Debian
Хʥѥåˤ뤿ˤۤɤΥСֹɽ路Ƥޤ
ϱѿ + . ~
(ץ饹ԥꥪ ӥ)
λΤߤʤꡢupstream_version
ƱӤޤ
ʬϥץǤ
debian-revision ʤˤϡ
upstream-version ϥϥեޤǤƤϤޤ
debian-revision ʤΤΤ
Debian Хʥѥåˤʤ褦̤˽줿եȥǤ뤳ȤƤޤ
Τ褦ʥեȥΡDebian٤ϰĤǤ顢ӥɲäɬפޤ
upstream_version ä뤿Ӥˡ
debian_revision 1 ᤹ΤȤʤäƤޤ
ѥåƥʸκǸΥϥե ()
ΤȤǥСֹ upstream_version
debian_revision Ȥʬ䤷褦Ȥޤ
debian_revision
ʤΤϡdebian_revision 0
Ǥ
ĤΥСֹӤˤϡޤ epoch ͤӤ졢 epoch ƱǤˤ upstream_version Ӥ졢 upstream_version ƱǤˤ debian_revision Ӥޤ epoch ϿȤӤޤ upstream_version debian_revision ʬϥѥåƥˤäơʲܤΥ르ꥺѤӤޤ
ʸϺ鱦ؤӤޤ
ǽˡоݤȤʤ2Ĥʸǡǹǽʬꤷޤ
ξʸФ롢οǤʤʬ
(ΤΰĤ϶ǤäƤ⤫ޤޤ) Ӥޤ
⤷㤤ĤС֤ޤ
ǤμȤϡ٤Ƥʸʸͤ˽
˥ɤäȤ뽤 (ζʸ깹) ä
ASCII Ǥ
㤨Сʲγʬᤤۤ٤ۤؤνǥȤޤ
~~, ~~a, ~, ʬ,
a
ˡĤʸλĤʬ顢ƿǹǽʬꤷޤ ĤοͤӤӷ̤ȤƸĤä㤤֤ޤ ΤȤʸ (ӤƤ⤷ΥСʸˤƤΤ) 0 Ȥƿޤ
㤤Ĥ뤫ʸĴٿԤޤǡĤΥƥåפ (Ƭ顢ǽʸȺǽοʸӤڤΥʤ) ֤ޤ
epoch ŪϥСֹդΥߥΤޤޤˤǤ褦ˤ뤿ᡢޤСֹդѹˡ ޤ褦ˤ뤿ȤȤդƤ ѥåƥब᤹뤳ȤΤǤʤʸ (ALPHA pre- ʤ) ʸޤСֹ䡢θդ (Υޥ˥奢Ԥϡ1.11.21.3 12.12.22 ȥСʤǤäѥåΤȤʹȤޤ) ޤ뤿Ǥ ޤ
ӥХʥѥåΥȥեǡ Description եɤˤϥХʥѥåޤޤƤޤ ϡפޤûȡĹĤʬʤޤ ʲ˼ޤ
ĹʬΥեޥåȤϰʲ̤Ǥ
ʶιԤ϶ȤƤϽ줺ѡ˥ȥեο쥳ɤϤΤȤƲᤵޤ
Τᡢܺ˶Ԥȡ̤ϥ顼ǰ۾ｪλޤ
֤ϻѤʤǤɤư뤫ʬޤ
˾ܤϡ ιȤ
ΥեɤϤޤľιԤϡԤǤ θΤ줾ιԤ˥Хʥѥå̾ȤΥѥåʸޤ 줾ιԤϡĤζǥǥȤޤ
ߡǥȥӥ塼μͤ
ΥեɤˤϡΥѥåȡ뤵롢
٤ Υǥȥӥ塼ʤФޤ
ܤ Debian Developer's Reference
"The Debian archive" ιȤƤ
Υեɤˤϥѥåӥɤ줿ޤϽ줿դܤޤ
Υեɤͤ̾
ΥեɤˤϡեΥեޥåȥӥܤޤ Υݥꥷޥ˥奢ǵܤ줿եޥåȤΥӥ 1.5 Ǥ ΥեޥåȤͤνϥѥåСֹƱǤ epoch Debian revision դ뤳ȤǤޤ Ȥ
ΥСΥåץ졼ɤɤٽפʤΤޤ
ʲΤ줫ΥɤΤҤȤĤꤷޤ
lowmedium high
emergency critical
Υեɤ̤ͤ
ΥեɤϡͤɤिѹΥǡޤ ΥСȸߤΥСȤޤ
ǽβԤޤǤϲǡޤǤϤޤ ơ³ƹԤϡ°ĤζˤäƥǥȤʤФʤޤ Ԥϡȥԥꥪɤʤޤ
Υեɤ̤ͤ
줾ΥСѹϡtitleԤθ³ޤ ΡtitleԤˤϡʤȤ⡢Сǥȥӥ塼۵٤ΥեɤͤɤǴޤޤƤޤ
⤷ĤΥСΥС֤褦ʾ硢 ǿΥСФΤǽ֤褦ˤ٤ǡ Ʊ˶ԤƥȥԤʬ䤷Ƥ (titleԤθޤԤΤȤ ³Ƥ)
ΥեɤϥХʥѥåΥꥹȤǤ
νϡޤǶڤ줿
Ծ塢ޤθˤ϶ޤ
ΥեɤϡХʥѥåΥȥե
ǥ̤ϡǤ蘆ñ̤ϥХȤǤ
ΥեɤϡեȤˤĤƤξ쵭ꥹȤ鹽ޤ ̩ʾȽϻȤˤޤ ɤξˤƤ⡢ ե̾ (¨ Files:) ΤԤˤϥեɤƤϵҤǤޤ ³Ĥʬˤ 1 ĤΥեˤĤԤƤޤ ΤȤƹԤ 1 ĤζʸǥǥȤ졢եɤγƥ֥եɤǶڤ³ޤ
Ĥޤꡢtar ե̵ʬΤǡ.dsc
եʳʬΤȤǤ
Debian ѥåˡήΥ֤ۤȼʤ硢
.changes եǤѹ/ˤꡢåץɤĤХݡֹǶڤäޤ
ΥѥåΥ֥Ȥ URL Ǥǽʾ硢˾ޤΤϸΥǤɲäξήʸǤ褦ʥȤǤ ΥեɤƤˤϡ<> ʤɤǰϤޤʤñ URL ܤޤ
ѥåȥեˤϥ桼եɤɲä뤳ȤǤޤ ̵뤵졢(㤨) Хʥ䥽ѥåȥե롢åץɥȥեˤϥԡޤ
ϥե˥ݡȤƤʤեɤղäȤϡ˽Ҥ٤ˡѤƤ
ᥤΥȥեˤơX ϤޤꡢBCS ȥϥե - ³եɤϡϥե˥ԡޤ ƽϥեˤϡե̾Υϥեθ³ʸΤߤѤޤ ǡB ϥХʥѥåȥե˻ѤȤ S ѥåȥե˻ѤȤ C ϡåץɥȥե (.changes) ˻ѤȤ˻Ȥޤ
ᥤΥȥե뤬ʲΥեɤޤǤȤϡ
ѥåȡ롢åץ졼ɡݤˡѥåƥब餻륹ץȤѥåΰȤƶ뤹뤳ȤǽǤ
ΥץȤϥѥå楨ꥢˤ
ѥåƥϤΥץȤνλơޤ ѥåƥब³ߤ褦ˡ 顼äˤϥץȤ 0 Ǥʤơǽλ褦ˤƤȤפǤ 륹ץȤǤ ۤȤɾ set -e ȤɬפȤȤ̣ޤ (ºݤˤϡ ̾亮륹ץȤϰ̤ˡΤ褦ˤޤ) Ƥޤäˡ0 ǤʤơǽλʤȤפǤ
ˡ
ѥååץ졼ɤˤϡåץ졼ɼ³δ֤˸ŤѥåȿѥåΥץȤȤ߹碌ƸƤӽФޤ ⤷ʤΥץȤȤƤʣˤʤäƤˤϡΤȤդץȤΰΥåɬפˤʤǤ礦
ޤ˸С
ץȤƤФץϡ̾綠ΥץȤˤƥץ˥ѥĤƸƤӽФ٤ǤϤޤ
ȡ뤬Ϥޤˡѥåƥ
ƥʥץȤ̤ƱĤ褦ˤ뤳ȤϤȤƤפǤ
顼³Ǥ褦ˤ뤿ᡢץȤƱˤȤˡ٤ưƤ̵ǤʤФʤޤ
⤷ܤθƤӽФԤޤϲ餫ͳˤäߤ硢
ܤθƤӽФǤϰܤǼ¹ԤĤΤñ˼¹Ԥ
⤷⤫⤦ޤäʤơǽλ褦ˤ٤
줬٤ʤΤϡ桼
ƥʥץȤ楿ߥʥ뤬֤Ǽ¹ԤƤꡢ桼ȤäǤ뤳ȤݾڤƤޤ ץȤμŪΤɸϤѥפǥ쥯ȤƤ礬뤿ᡢPerl ץȤǤϽϤХåե줺ľܽϤ褦 $|=1 ꤷƥХåեʤϥ⡼ɤˤ٤Ǥ
ƥץȤξˤϽλơ 0 ˡԤξˤ 0 ǤʤͤˤƵäƤϡ ѥåƥब饹ץȤνλơƻ뤷ƤꡢΥǡ˴ŤƼ˼٤Ƥ뤿Ǥ
ȡ롿åץ졼ɡõ (ʤ
dpkg --unpack äƤȤޤ
dpkg --install ŸʳΤȤ)
μ³ϲ̤ˤʤޤɤΤ褦ʾˤƤ⡢
⤷顼 (ξ) Ǥưϡ̤˵Ǥ
ϡץȤۤʤǵս餵ȤȤǤ
Τ褦ʸƤӽФϰʹߤǤϡ֥顼ƤӽФȤƵƤޤ
줬ｪλ硢
줬Ԥ硢С "Half-Installed"
֤ǻĤäƤޤ
ѥåΥե뤬Ÿ졢ƥ˴ˤե롢㤨ƱѥåθŤСΥե䡢
¾ΥѥåΥե˾ޤ
ŤեΥХååפŪݻ졢⤷꤬Хѥåƥब顼ΰȤƤȤޤ
ѥåߥƥˤ̤Υѥå
եƱ̾ΥեޤǤ硢Replaces
( )
ꤵƤʤˤϥ顼ˤʤޤ
ѥåˤȤäƤäȿʥ顼ȤʤΤϡ¾ΥѥåΥǥ쥯ȥ꤬
Υѥå̤ΥեۤΥǥ쥯ȥǤʤ褦ʪޤǤǤ (Ǥ⡢Replaces
ȤƤʤˤƤǤ)⤷˾ʤ顢
--force-overwrite-dir ȤäƤΥ顼̵ˤ뤳ȤǤޤϴޤ
ߤΥե˾ѥåϡŪ˷ޤΤǤϤ뤱ɤ⡢ƥԤˤޤ
ξ֤Ǥϡñ˥ץָ֤ޤ
㤨С¾ΥѥåΥե˾褦ʥѥåȡ뤷ơ줫顢Υѥå뤳ȤǤΤ褦
ָ
Τΰϡ餯
ǥ쥯ȥϡ褷ƥǥ쥯ȥؤΥܥå֤äƤޤȤϤޤεդ⤢ޤ
Τˡߤ (ܥåǤΤݤ)
ϤΤޤޤˤơܥåξ
ʤʤݥȤǤ
ѥå°ե뤬ȡδ֤ƾ졢¸̵褦ʾ硢ΥѥåϺ줿ȸʤޤ
Τ褦ʥѥå줾Фơ
ѥåξ֤ϡǤˤʤäƤޤΤǡŸ
(unpacked)פȤƵϿޤ
ʤʤݥȤǤ
⤷ͤѥåκ˼ԤФǤ⡢줫ΥȡȤ᤹褦ʤȤϤޤ
ͤѥåȾʬ줿˴֤ǻĤäƤޤޤ
ѥåꤹ (ξ dpkg --install
dpkg --configure ǵޤ) Ȥޤ conffile
줫鼡θƤӽФԤޤ
˥顼ä塢ϹԤޤ˼Ԥ硢ѥå "Failed Config" ֤ˤʤäƤꡢ顼åޤ
⤷Ƕꤵ줿С (θƤӽФ
most-recently-configured-version) ¸ߤʤС
ˤ˴ؤȤƤŤ (1997 ǯ) С
⤷prerm (conflict) Τ֤˼Ԥ硢
줬ｪλʤ硢ѥå "Failed-Config"
֤"Installed" ֤ΤޤޤΤ줫ˤʤޤ
ѥåΥե (conffile ) ޤ
Ԥ˥顼᤹ˡϤޤѥå
"Half-Installed" ֤ȤʤäƤޤ
⤷ѥåƤΤǤʤСǻߤޤޤ
ѥå
conffile ƤΥХååץե
(~ ե롢
#*# ե롢% ե롢
.dpkg-{old,new,tmp} ʤ) ޤ
줬Ԥ硢ѥå "Config-Files"
֤ΤޤޤˤʤäƤޤ
ѥåΥեꥹȤޤ
ΥեɤŪʽޤ ϥޤǶڤ줿ѥå̾ΥꥹȤǤ
ѥå DependsRecommends SuggestsPre-DependsBuild-Depends ڤ Build-Depends-Indep γƥȥեե (¾Υѥå˰¸طե) ˵Ҥѥå̾ϡإѥå̾ΰǤ⤫ޤޤ إѥå̾ϡ ľСܥ | (ѥץܥ) Ƕڤäƽޤ ξ硢ǤդإѥåΰĤȡ뤵ƤФʬΰ¸طƤΤȽǤޤ
Provides ʳΤ٤ƤΥեɤǤϡѥå̾ȤˤΥСꤹ뤳ȤǤޤ λϡƥѥå̾θ³äǹԤʤ졢ΤäˤϡΰǼ (Сֹ) طɽȡ³ ǵܤ줿˽äСֹҤޤ
Сֹδط˻Ѥ뵭ϡ<<
<==>= ڤ >>
ǡˡ֤꾮סְʲססְʾס֤礭
̣Ƥޤѻߤˤʤäν
< > Ϥ줾ְʲסְʾ
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Ȥ̣ǤϤޤѥåǤϡ
< > ϻȤ٤ǤϤޤ
(
¸طΥꥹȤ˼ޤ
ӥɻΥѥå֤δϢƤΥե (Build-DependsBuild-Depends-Indep Build-Conflicts ڤ Build-Conflicts-Indep) ϡΥƥΥåȤ˸ꤷƤ⤫ޤޤ ϡ줾Υѥå̾ȥץΥСθˡ ѳ̤ǤϤǻꤷޤѳ̤ΤʤˤϡǶڤ줿 Debian ƥ̾ΥꥹȤޤò (!) Ĥޤʣγƥƥ֤̾ȤǤޤ (̾˴ò֤¾֤̾ʤȤϵޤ) ⤷ߤ Debian ۥȤΥƥ㤬ΥꥹȤ̵òΤĤ̵硢⤷ϴòդǤΥꥹˤˤϡ Υѥå̾ȥСϥѥå֤δϢ뤿ˤϻȤ줺̵뤵ޤ
˼ޤ
դƤۤΤϡХʥѥåΰ¸ط㤨 Depends ʤɡϥȥեΤΰĤΥХʥѥåǻꤵ졢ۻΰ¸ط㤨 Build-Depends ϥȥեΥѥå (ǽΥǤ) ǻꤵ뤳ȤǤ
ƥѥåϡΥȥեǡ Ʊ˥ȡ뤹뤳ȤǤʤѥå䡢 ¾Υѥå¸ߤ˰¸Ƥꡢ ¾Υѥå¸ߤƤ礽Υեʤɡ ¾ѥåȤδϢŤ뤳ȤǤޤ
ˤϡȥե Depends Pre-DependsRecommendsSuggests EnhancesBreaksConflicts եɤѤޤ
μĤΥեɤϡѥå¾ΥѥåȤΰ¸ط뤿˻Ѥޤ ΥեɤϡEnhances Breaks ơ¸¦ΥѥåΥȥե˵Ҥޤ Enhances Ͽ侩¦ΥѥåΥȥե˵Ҥޤ Breaks ϤΥѥå˰¸ѥåΥС˵Ҥ졢 оݥѥåܥСǤưʤȤޤ
Depends եɤϥѥå ꤹˤ
ͭǤΰ¸طϡ¸طʤѥå
̤ʾ֤ǥƥ˥ȡ뤵뤳Ȥ˸ޤ
Ǥ˰¸ط졢ȡ뤵Ƥѥå
¸طƤʤޤʤ褦̤ΥСΥѥå֤뤳ȤǤޤ
ξϡ̤Τޤ (ꤷ褦Ȥȥ顼֤ޤΤ)
ǤΤǡưʤǤ礦
ɬפ˱ѥåŸƤʤˤʬŪͭ
Pre-Depends ȤȤǤޤ
ˤĤƤϰʹߤǾܤޤ¾λĤΰ¸ط
RecommendsSuggests Enhances
ΤᡢǽΥȡˤϤ٤ƤΥѥåޤŸơθ夹٤ƤΥѥå (configure) ޤ 뤳Ȥˤäơ¸Υƥ¸ߤʤ СΥѥå˰¸طƤ뿷ѥåΰ¸طȤǤޤ
¸ط롼פˤʤäƤˤϡȡȺνϰ¸طºŤǤϹԤȤǤʤäꡢ ¸طΥ롼פɤͽۤǤʤ줿ꡢΥѥåȡ˰¸طƤ뤳ȤԤǤʤʤޤ ΤʤΤ줬뤫ϡΰ¸طΥ롼פɤ¦뤫ˤޤ ⤷롼פƤѥåΰĤ postinst ץȤޤǤʤ硢롼פؤϤΥѥåˤޤ ϡ¸طŬڤꤵƤǽǤä postinst ץȤ٤Ƽ¹Ԥ褦ݾڤ褦ȤƤ뤿Ǥ 嵭ξ郎ʤ硢ˤݥȤͽ¬Ǥޤ
Τ褦ˡDepends եɤˤäơѥåΥƥʤϥѥåǤޤ
ޤĤΰ¸طեɤΰ̣ϲ̤Ǥ
ϡ˰¸ѥåޤ
ѥå Depends 줿ѥåΤ٤ƤꤵƤʤǤޤ
Depends եɤϰ¸¦Υѥå
μפʵǽ뤿˰¸¦Υѥåɬפˤʤ˻ꤹ٤Ǥ
Depends
¸طɤ⡢ФȤۤɤǤϤʤ¸طξޤ
Recommends եɤˤϡ̤ʾǤʤ˻Ѥѥåޤ
Υեɤ Depends ȻƤޤΰ¸طŪΥѥåΥȡˡ¸ (predependency)
ѥåδʥȡ
¸ꤷѥå Ÿ
褦Ȥݡ¸طϰ¸줿ѥåꤵƤ硢¸Ƥѥå
() ΤǤꤵ졢ʸʬŪ⤵Ƥʤˤϡ
ΥѥåŸȾüꤵƤ֤
äƤ ޤ
ξϡꤵƤѥåΥСȡŸ줿ޤϤꤵ줿СȤξPre-Depends
եɤΥСʬƤɬפޤ
¸ѥå
褦Ȥ硢¸ط̾ Depends
Ʊʤ¸ѥåѤǤˤΤƤȽǤޤ
ϡ̾ Depends ξƱǤ
Pre-Depends Ѥ٤ǤϤʤ
˾ޤоݤȤʤѥåԴʹ䥤ȡ뤬
ƥǿʹιȤ³˸ȤʤΤߤ˻Ѥ褦ˤ٤Ǥ
Pre-Depends ϡ
¸طΥ٥ˤäơΥѥåεǽˤư¸ѥåεǽɤٽפʤΤͤ٤Ǥ ѥå٤ΰۤʤ뤤Ĥʤ鹽ƤȤޤ ΤȤγʤΤʤǤ٤ι⤤ΤɬפȤ褦ʥѥå Depends Ȥ٤Ǥ ΤۤʬɬפȤѥåϡʤŪʽˤä Suggests ʤꡢRecommends ȤƻȤ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ
Breaks Ѥ Debian εСΥåץ졼ɤΤʤᡢǤ Debian Breaks ݡȤޤѤ٤ǤϤޤ
Хʥѥå¾硢
ѥåϡե뤬ȡ뤵Ƥξ֤ǡȤϸʤޤ ʤȤ half-installed ʾξ֤Ǥɬפޤ
̤㳰ȤơʬȤΥѥå̾䡢ѥå벾ۥѥåƤ뤳Ȥ礬ޤ ϼºݤΡֲפȤϸʤޤ
̾ϡBreaks ȥˤϡ֤ΥС ꤹޤΤ褦 Breaks ϡŪ뤤ϰżŪʰ¸ط餫 ΡֲƤץСΥѥåΥХ߲Ƥޤʤɤͳǻꤵޤ Τ褦 Breaks ˡϹ٤ʥѥåġˡ ֲƤץѥåǤ˥åץ졼ɤʤФʤʤȤޤ
ѥåݡѥåΰΥե硢 ࡼ˿ʤ褦 Replaces (Conflicts ǤϤʤ) ꤹ٤Ǥ
Хʥѥå¾ΥѥåȤζط
Conflicts եɤȤäƤ硢
Τ褦ʥѥåȡ뤹ˤϡ⤦ΥѥåޤʤФޤ
ºݤưȤƤϡȡ뤷褦ȤƤѥåˡƥˤѥå֤ ( )
褦˥ޡդƤ硢ƥ˥ȡ뤵Ƥѥå褦ޡդƤ硢ޤξΥѥå
Essential ȤƤϡ
ѥåñեΤߤޤȡ뤵Ƥ˶طҤȤϤޤ طˤ뤿ˤϺǤ half-installed ξ֤ǤʤФޤ
ȡΥѥåȤ̾䤽켫Ȥ벾ۥѥå ( ȤƤ) ȤζطƤü㳰Ǥξ硢 Τ褦ʥѥåΥȡ뤬˸뤳ȤϤޤ ޤΥѥåִ¾Υѥåȶ礵뤳ȤǤޤ оݤΥѥåεǽ褦˻ꤷȤˡΤ褦Ѥޤ
Conflicts եɤϡۤȤɾ˥Сֹλˡ֤ŤפȤޤ٤ǤϤޤ
Τ褦ʻԤȡ
ºݤ¸ߤ (Ū) ѥåƱ͡ѥåδϢҤե DependsRecommendsSuggests EnhancesPre-DependsBreaksConflicts Build-DependsBuild-Depends-Indep Build-Conflicts ڤ Build-Conflicts-Indep ˤϡۥѥå̾Ҥ뤳ȤǤޤ
βۥѥå̾ϡѥåΥȥեΡ Provides եɤ˽ΤǤ ˤäơΥѥåβۥѥå̾ƤȤ٤Ƥ˥ꥹȤȤˤʤޤ ( )
Ʊ̾μΤΤѥåȲۥѥå¸ߤƤ硢̾ļΤΤѥåȡ
̾βۥѥå¾μΤΤѥåΤɤˤäƤ⡢¸ط줿궥طȯꤷޤ㤨С
¸طեɤ˥Сֹ椬դƤϡ طƤ뤫ɤ (뤤ϡطƤʤޤ ֲפƤʤ) ΤˤϡºߤΥѥåθޤ ۥѥåºߤΥѥåϡץСֹǤϤʤȸʤޤ äơProvides եɤˤϡСֹޤǤϤޤ ޤۥѥåȤζޤϰ¸طꤹȤˤϡβۥѥåºݤΥѥåΥСֹϻȤޤ
Ūˤϡ
벾ۥѥå˴ؤ¸طμºݤΥѥåνꤷʤФʤʤȤˤϡ ۥѥå̾ˡإѥåȤƻȤºݤΥѥå̾եƤ
ѥå¾ΥѥåΥե롢ޤ¾Υѥå֤뤳Ȥ뤳ȤǤޤ ȥե Replaces եɤϡۤʤäǺѤĤΰۤʤäŪäƤޤ
ޤǸڤ褦ˡƥ¾Υѥå˴ޤޤƤե ȡ뤷褦ȤѥåޤǤ륱ϡ̾泌顼Ǥ
âǡѥå褦ȤƤե
Replaces (ִ) Ƥ硢
Τ褦ˤơѥå֤ƤޤäȤϡ
Replaces ϰ̹Ԥΰ¸طǤ
ִѥåθǡִѥåȡ뤹뤳ȤǤޤ
Replaces ΤλȤǤϡۥѥå ( ) Replaces եɤ ȤˤϹθޤ - ֤Ƥ ѥåϤμºݤ̾ǸڤƤʤФʤޤ
դäƤȡReplaces եɤΤ褦˻ȤΤϡ ĤΥѥåŪˤ襷ƥƱ¸ߤǤ ĤޤꡢΥѥå϶طˤʤޤϤζطǤ˾ƲäƤǤ
⤦ĤϡReplaces 礬ݤ˥ѥåƥˤɤΥѥåΤؼǤ ˤĤƤ Ȥ λȤͭʤΤϡĤΥѥå ºݤ˶礷Ƥ Ǥ äơξˡȤξ礬ߤ˴Ĥ뤳ȤϤޤ
ξ硢ִ뤳Ȥꤵ줿ѥåϲۥѥåǤ⤫ޤޤ
㤨Сƥ (MTA) ϥȥե˲Τ褦˵Ҥ뤳Ȥ
ѥåХʥѥåӥɤݤˡΥѥå¸ߤɬפǤ롢 ޤ¸ߤƤϤʤȤؼ뤿ˡѥåϥХʥѥåФط뤳ȤǤޤ
ϥȥե Build-Depends Build-Depends-IndepBuild-Conflicts ڤ Build-Conflicts-Indep եեɤȤäƻꤷޤ
"build-essential" °ӥɻΰ¸طεܤϾάǤޤ ܺ٤ Ȥ
λؼ줿¸Ӷط
(嵭ΥХʥѥåξƱ)
ʲǵܤ褦ˡdebian/rules
ΥåȤư뤿ƤʤФޤ
"build-arch" ޤ "binary-arch" ˤϡ
Build-Depends ɬפǤ"build-indep" ޤ
"binary-indep" ˤϡBuild-Depends
Build-Depends-Indep ɬפǤ
"build" ޤ "binary" ˤϡξɬפǤ
Build-Depends-Arch ϤޤεǽϡBuild-Depends
Τߤޤbuild-indep ڤ
binary-indep åȤӥɤ褦Ȥ뤳Ȥϡ
ŪˤϥѥåΤӥɤƤ뤳Ȥǡ
ӥɤΰ¸طɬפʤΤϤ٤ƥȡ뤵뤫Ǥ
ȥӥϡdpkg-buildpackage -B Ѥޤ
ϡbuild (build-arch ǤϤޤ
λǤϡΥåȤ̵ͭȽԤˡʤǤ)
binary-arch ˼¹Ԥޤ
ʬΥδŪŪϡΤȥӥ binary-indep
Τɬפɲåѥåȡ뤷ʤƺѤ褦ˤ뤿ǤäȵƤޤ
âؤɤκȤ build åȤκǤꡢbinary
åȤκǤϤޤ顢build-arch/build-indep
ʬΥʤǤϡϰ̣ʤޤ
ͭ饤֥ޤѥåξ硢ζͭ饤֥꤬Ĥͤ˻ѲǽȤʤ褦¿դʧäƺʤФʤޤ Ȥ櫓C 饤֥ (ߤ libc6 Ǥ) ʤɤΥƥ౿Ѥ˴ؤפʶͭ饤֥ΤȤäˤΤȤϽפǤ
ͭ饤֥ޤѥåϡʣΥХʥѥåʬ䤹٤Ǥ ǤϤʬԤνˤĤưޤ ͭ饤֥ѥå˴ޤեˤĤƤε§ϡ ǰޤ
ඦͭ饤֥ΥѥåϡϿ줿֥ͭȤΥСѹ뤿Ӥˡѥå̾Τѹɬפޤ
ʣΥСΥѥåͭ饤֥ΤߤŪǥȡ뤹뤳ȤϤ褯뤳ȤǤ顢
ޤޥСդΥǥ쥯ȥ֤ƤΤǤʤ¤ꡢС˰¸ʤɲäΥե֤ʤ褦ˤΤŬڤʤǤ
.so ե̾ (soname)
϶ͭ饤֥ζ֥ͭ̾Ǥ
ϥץκȥʥߥåץ¹Ԥݤ˰פʤФʤʤΤǤ
㤨С饤֥ .so ե̾
ĤΥĥʣζͭ饤֥ӥɤˤϡ.so
ե̾礷Ѥ褦ˤ
ϡΤޤȤͭ饤֥귲ʣСƱ˥ȡ뤹ݤˡե̾ͤʤ褦ˤ뤿Ǥ
ѥåϡͭ饤֥̤̾ǥȡ뤹٤Ǥ
㤨Сѥå
ͭ饤֥ˤϼ¹°ĤʤǤ ʥߥåϤ°ɬפȤޤͭ饤֥¹Ԥ褦ȤƤ̾拾פˤʤǤ
饤֥ѥå
ѥåƥǤϡ
ʥߥåɸΥǥ쥯ȥ (ߤ
ϡ߲Ǥ
ѥå ȡޤϥåץ졼ɤκݤˤϡpreinst
Ͽե뤬ȡ뤹˸ƤФޤ顢
"ldconfig" Ƥ֤Ȥ̵̣Ǥ
Ǥ˥ȡ뤵Ƥѥå preinst
ϥåץ졼ɤԤݤˤƤФޤ϶ͭ饤֥꤬Ū̾Τǥǥˤ뤫⤷ʤ̯ʥߥǤꡢ
"ldconfig" Ƥ֤ȤϴǤ뤿ᡢݥꥷǤ϶ػߤƤޤ
ѥåȡ뤢뤤ϥåץ졼ɤݤˤϡ
"postinst configure"
ե뤬ǥ֤줿ȤݾڤƤƤФޤ
äơldconfig ̵ postinst
ǸƤ֤Ȥϴ˰ǤѥåǤϰåʤñ
postinst ldconfig ܤƤꤢޤ
postinst ϥåץ졼ɼԤκݤȤǤƤ֤ȤǤޤ
ϿեΤɤ줫ѥå˼¹ԤޤΤǡ
λ "ldconfig" Ƥ֤Ȥ̵̣Ǥ
褦ȤƤѥåξˤϡ
ѥåΥե뤬Τޤޤξ֤ prerm ƤФޤ顢
"ldconfig" Ƥ֤Ȥ̵̣Ǥprerm
ƤФ⤦Ĥξϥåץ졼ɤǡ
ξѥåΥե뤬ǥˤ֤ǸƤФޤ
"ldconfig" 뤹뤳ȤŪϤǤ
postrm remove
ΰդǡե뤬줿ľ˸ƤФޤ顢postrm
ƤФ줿ϡͭ饤֥Ƥѥå줿Ȥƥ
ldconfig ѤΤŬڤʥߥǤ
postrm ϤʳˤĤξ˸Ƥ֤ȤǤޤ"postrm purge"
"postrm abort-upgrade" ڤ "postrm abort-upgrade" ξˤϡ
ͭ饤֥ϥǥˤʤΤ "ldconfig"
ƤǤΩޤơ"postrm" "upgrade"
"failed-upgrade" ޤ "disappear" ΰǸƤФƤݤˤϡ
ͭ饤֥ϰŪ̾Τǥǥˤ뤫⤷ޤ
ѥåˡ饤֥ζ֥ͭȤ˹碌Ƥѹʤեޤ硢ͭ饤֥ѥå˼ϿƤϤޤ ԤȡʣСζͭ饤֥ե̾ξͤʤ˥ȡ뤹뤳ȤǤʤʤꡢåץ졼ɤܹԤɬפʤޤ
ݡȥեȥॵݡȥץ
(桼ưǼ¹Ԥɬפʤѥåưˤɬפʤ)
ϡХʥʤ
ͭ饤֥Ȥ饤֥ưˤɬפΤʤॵݡȥץࡢޤ϶ͭ饤֥ΥСˤ餺̤ƻѤեϡ
Ωѥåˤ뤳Ȥ侩ޤΥѥå̾
եȥݡȥץǡ饤֥ȤץΥѥˤΤͭѤʤΤϡ饤֥γȯѥѥå˴ޤƤ
ƥå饤֥ (
ξǤϡƥåǤΤߤΥ饤֥뤳Ȥޤ
Τ褦ʾˤϰʲΤΤޤ
θζͭ饤֥ꥵݡȤʤƤ餺ʾ硣
饤֥Ф륤եޤήưŪäꡢȯξ
(̾饤֥Υ㡼Сֹ椬 0 Ǥ뤫ABI
ѥå٥֤ѹ)
ήκԤΰտޤˤꡢƥåǤΤߤ褦ˤʤäƤ硣
ͭ饤֥˴ϢȯѤΥեϡ
ʣγȯѥ饤֥꤬¸ߤ硢ȯѤΥѥåϰ٤˰СΤߥȡ뤵뤳Ȥݾڤ뤿ᡢ餯
ȯѥѥåˤϡб붦ͭ饤֥ФСֹʤΥܥåޤ٤Ǥ
㤨С
̾ȯѥСϡѥȥԤᡢ饤֥ФΤʰ¸ط٤Ǥ
${binary:Version} ˤѿִŪˤǤ
ѥåͭ饤֥ȥХʥ饤֥ޤ硢
ѥåƥ˥ȡ뤹ݤˡɬפʤ٤ƤΥ饤֥ⶦ˥ȡ뤵褦ˤɬפޤ
ᤫ顢shlibs ƥबޤ
߷˴ñʤΤǤͭ饤֥
ѥåϤ٤ơ
Υ饤֥ưݾڤ뤿ɬפʥѥå¸طξʤФʤ餺
ޤͭ饤֥ Ѥ ѥåϡ
ζͭ饤֥꤬ɬפȤ¸طȽǤ뤿ˤξȤޤ
ͭ饤֥꤫ɬפʰ¸طξؤбݻե
äơͭ饤֥ޤѥåӥɤݤˤϡ¾ΥѥåȤ褦
ϥ줿ͭ饤֥ȽǤ
Хʥ foo 饤֥ libbar
˥Ƥ (ʤʳ -lbar
ե饰ȤäƤ)ΥХʥϤΥ饤֥
ľ ȤäƤޤ
libbar ɬפȤ뤽¾Υ饤֥ foo
Ū Ƥꡢʥߥå
libbar
ɤݤ˼ưŪˤΥ饤֥ɤޤ
Ū˻ȤƤ饤֥ϼưŪ˰Ƥ뤿ᡢ
ѥå¸طꤹɬפΤľܥƤ饤֥Ǥ
줬ʤΩĤΤɤȤơlibimlib
(㡼СֹΤޤޤˤĤ) dgf
ȤեåեޥåȤбС˹ͤޤ
⤷Ť
ʲǤϡޤ shlibs
õ٤ˤĤƵܤ
shlibs õ٤ϴĤޤʲ
ϥѥåξѹ뤿˻Ȥޤ
ˡϰʲ ( ι) ޤ
ϥƥΤξ뤿˻Ȥޤ
ΥꥹȤ̾Ǥ
ϥΥƥԤˤäƴޤ
ѥåӥɤ褦Ȥݡ
νˤʤ褦Ƥޤѥå
foo ĤΥХʥѥå libfoo2
foo-runtime Ȥޤ
ХʥѥåΥӥɤκݡĤΥѥåϽ
Ƥեϡ
debhelper ȤäƤʤ顢
Υޥɤ
ʣΥХʥѥåˤϡ
Debian Installer ǻѤ뤿 udeb ˤϡ
zlib1g ѥå˼Ƥޤ
Υѥå (ƤǤ)
ͭ饤֥
type ϥץȤʤǤǤꡢ ιԤͭʥѥåΥפޤ ȤƤͣΥפϡudeb Ǥ פθˤϡȶɬפǤ
library-name ϡͭ饤֥̾Ǥ ξˤϡlibz Ǥ (϶ͭ饤֥ .so ե̾ʬȰפƤʤФޤʲȤΤ)
soname-version ϥ饤֥ .so
ե̾ΥСʬǤ.so
ե̾ˤϥʥߥåǧ饤֥̾ȸ̩˰פ̾ͿʤФޤ
̾name.so.major-version
ȤǡǤǤ libz.so.1
ϰʲΥޥɤȽǤޤ
dependencies ϡХʥѥåΥȥե ¸طեɤƱǤ ˤϡΥѥå˴ޤޤ饤֥ǥӥɤХʥ꤬ư뤿ˤɤΥѥåɬפˤʤ뤫˴ؤܺ٤ҤƤ٤Ǥ ܤ Ȥ
Ǥϡzlib1g ѥåǡʤȤ 1.3
ʹߤΥޥʡСֹĺǽΥС
1:1.1.3-1 ǤΤǡΥ饤֥ shlibs
ˤϤޤ
zlib1g ⶦͭ饤֥ޤ udeb 뤿ᡢܤղäƤޤ
ѥåͭ饤֥硢嵭ΥեޥåȤ
debhelper ġ뷲
Υե
ǡ foo ХʥѥåȤƤȤޤ
ȡ뤵եǥ쥯ȥ֤ϡ줬¾ǵܤƤ
Debian ݥꥷιܤ˰ȿʤ¤ꡢưʲ㳰ơ
٤ File system Hierarchy Standard (FHS) С 2.3
˽ʤФʤޤʲ FHS Ф㳰ޤ
쥬 XFree86 Фϡե
ץꥱΡ桼ͭ桼Υۡǥ쥯ȥ֤Ȥץ롼뤬¤Ƥޤ
Τ褦ʥեϡ'.' ʸǻϤޤե
(ɥåȥե) Ȥ뤳Ȥ侩졢ץꥱİʾΥɥåȥեɬפˤϡ'.'
ʸǻϤޤǥ쥯ȥ (ɥåȥǥ쥯ȥ)
ʲ֤Ȥ侩Ƥޤ
ޤԤξˤե '.'
ʸǻϤʤȤ侩Ƥޤ
amd64 64 ӥåȥХʥФ
ɥޥ͡㤬
֡ȥޥ͡ե
ʸǸڤƤǤ debian-policy
ѥåȰۤƤޤΥޥ˥奢°ʳǤ
FHS ˽ᡢѥå
ͭΥե֤꤬ƥԤˤ狼褦ˡΥǥ쥯ȥ
Τ褦ʥѥåͭΥǥ쥯ȥƤΤ
㤨С
ѥåѤ˥ɲä뤿
ƥǻȤǥ쥯ȥ
Debian ƥϡʿʸΥѥɤȥɥѥɤΤȤ뤳ȤǽǤ
Υ桼 ID(UID) ȥ롼 ID(GID) ΥѥåǻѤ뤿ᡢǥȥӥ塼ȤͽƤޤ ĤΥѥåǤϤΥ桼䥰롼פ˽ͭ줿եƱ뤳Ȥɬפäꡢץˤ ID ѥȤ߹ꤹɬפ뤿ᡢDebian ƥǤϤ ID ϳƤ줿ŪΤ˻ѤƤޤ Ͻ¤ǡġΥȥʴˤƤϤޤ ä¿ΥȤǤϥʥ桼䥷ƥ॰롼פ ID 100 ˳꿶äƤޤΤǡդƤ
Ȥ̤ưŪ˳Ƥ ID ޤΤ褦 ID Ͻʽ֤Ƥ褦ˤʤäƤޤ֤εưǽǤ
base-passwd ʳΥѥå
UID GID γƤ˼ޤ
Debian ץȤǶ̤˳Ƥ졢٤Ƥ Debian
ƥƱŪΤ˻ȤΤǤ ID
Ϥ٤Ƥ Debian ƥ
Ū˳Ƥ줿 uid gid ɬפʥѥåϤϰϤ
ID ȤʤФʤޤѥåΥƥʤ
ID base-passwd
Υƥʤ˳ƤƤ餦ɬפޤ
ưŪ˳Ƥ륷ƥѤΥ桼ȤǤ
ѥåǥ桼䥰롼פγƤɬפǤϤ뤱ɤ⡢餬
ưŪ˳Ƥ줿ƥ˰ۤʤΤǤʤˤϡ
adduser --system
ȤäƤϰϤΥ桼䥰롼פƤ
ưŪ˳Ƥ桼ȤǤɸ
ͽƤޤ
Debian ץȤȤƶ̤˳ƤƤΤǤ
˱ƺޤID
ΤϽǡŪ˳ƤƤΤǤºݤΥȺɬפˤʤäǹԤޤ
ID
ϤޤȤʤѥå䡢¿Ū˳Ƥ줿
ID ɬפȤѥåΤΤΤǤ
Τ褦ʥѥåǤ ͽƤޤ 桼 nobody ˳ƤƤޤ
б륰롼
id ϥ롼 nogroup ˳ƤƤ
(uid_t)(-1) == (gid_t)(-1) Ǥ
ͤϥ顼ȽѤ뤿ᡢȤʤǤ
ΥץȤѤˤꡢʤȤ
(ǽΤǤ) ˡޤñΤᡢ
ΥɥȤǤϥܥåˤˡΤߤޤ
ƥʥץǤˡѤƤȻפǤϤʤޤ
ޤ줾Υ٥εưФϡ
ǥܥåޤϺ뤳ȤǼ¹ԤҤ褦
ΥץȤ
̾
㤨С٥ 2 3 ؤȰܹԤȤޤ
mm ǼοϡץȤμ¹ԽꤹΤѤޤ
ǤϾ֤˼¹Ԥޤ
㤨 K20 Ȥդ˻Ϥޤ륹ץȤ
K30 ǻϤޤΤ˼¹Ԥޤ
륵ӥ¾Υӥ˳ϤƤʤФʤʤȤ˻Ȥ櫓Ǥ
㤨С͡ॵ
٥ 0 (halt) 6 (reboot) Ĥ¿ۤʤޤ ĤΥ٥Ǥ S ǻϤޤ륹ץȤ K ǻϤޤ륹ץȤθ˼¹ԤȤǤ¾Ѥޤɤ stop դǼ¹Ԥޤ
ޤ⤷ץ̾ .sh
ǽäƤ硢Τ褦ʥץȤϥ٥
S Ǥϥե줿ҥץǤϤʤΤޤ¹Ԥޤ
¾Υ٥ǤϡץȤŪ
ƥॵӥԤǡޤѥåϡ
֡Ȼ٥ѹ˥ӥϵڤߤ뤿ᡢ
⤷ӥưŪ˺ɤ߹ߤ褦ʾ (㤨
ѥåΤƤƤեϥƥ˻ĤäƤ뤿ᡢ
ξ֤ǤΥץȤԲIJʤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ
ɬפͤĤ¸ߤƤ뤳Ȥݾڤ뤿ᡢ
ƥʤϡʬΥѥåΡ㤨
ľ /etc/rc?.d ľ
ǥեȤǤϡ
ʬΥѥåǥեȤεưĤΤȤꤹˤϡ
postinst ץȤ˼Τ褦˽ޤ
ˡǤϥǥեȤΥֹȤ 20 Ȥޤ
update-rc.dλȤ˴ؤϡman
ץϡ
ɸǤϡ
ۤȤɤΥѥåǤϡ
ѥå
ۥȤ֡Ȥ˰٤¹Ԥ륹ץȤޤȤ
ʤ
ξϤǤ
ޤ
init.d ץȤǤϡʲɸνʬбƻȤäƤ
ǡϤȤ
ץȤİʾΥǡưȤˤϡνȤޤ
ϤϼΤ褦ˤƤ (1 Ԥˤ
ǽ˶ޤ)
㤨
Τ褦˽Ϥ뤿˥ץǤϼΤ褦ˤƤޤ
ƥѥåȤȤ
ư˥ƥѹȤˤϡΤ褦ʽȤ٤Ǥ
䤬ʤ褦ˤˤϡΤ褦ʹԤȤޤ
ƱŰ (") ΰȤƻȤƤ뤳ȤդƤ
顼 (`) ϰǤϤޤ
ݥȥե (') 㤤ޤ
ǡߤޤϺƵưȤ
ǡߤ롢ޤϺƵưȤΥåνϵưΥå˽स
Starting Stopping ʤ
Restarting ѤΤǤ
ץǡߤνϤˤȡΤ褦ˤʤޤ
¹ԤƤȤ
ƥγϻ䥷åȥνԤ
ץ¹ԤʤФʤʤ褦ʤȤϤ褯ޤ
㤨 ɤ߹ߤȤ
ǡեɤ߹ߤȤϡνȤäƤ
ѥå
ѥå cron Ǽ¹Ԥ褦ʥ֤ȡ뤷Ȥϡ
Υǥ쥯ȥ˥ѥå̾ĥե֤Ƥ
Υǥ쥯ȥ˥ȡ뤵줿ƤΥեϡ 륷ƥδԤñѹǤ褦˥ץ (륹ץȡperl ץȤʤ) ǤʤФޤ ޤե () ȤưʤФޤ
ʳ١뤤ϻ˼¹ԤɬפΤ른֤ˤϡ
ѥå
Υǥ쥯ȥˤ륹ץȤϡ¹Ԥɬפʥץबȡ뤵Ƥ뤫å褦ˤʤäƤʤФޤ ʤȡѥåѡ () ǤϤʤñ˺Ȥˤե뤬ƥ˻ĤäޤޤˤʤäƤΤǡ꤬Ƥޤޤ
Debian menu ѥåϥץꥱѥå
˥塼ץ (X window ޥ͡䡢
̾ˤ̤ʰɬפȤʤץꥱƤΥѥåϡ ΥץꥱФƥ˥塼ȥ (menu entry) Ͽޤ menu ѥåȤ桼ϥɥޥ͡䡢pdmenu Τ褦ʥ뤫˥塼ưŪ˼Ǥޤ
Menu ȥϸߤ Menu ݥꥷ˽ɬפޤ
Menu ݥꥷ debian-policy ѥå
menu-policy եȤƱƤޤޤ
Debian ֥ߥ顼
ץꥱ web ʸϿˡξܺ٤ˤĤƤϡ menu ѥå° Debian ˥塼ƥ ɥȤȤƤ
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, RFCs 2045-2049) Ȥϥեǡȥ沽˴ؤ ä˼ () ȥեޥå (PNGHTMLMP3 ʤ) ʤɤտղä뤿εǤ
MIME פϿ뤳Ȥǡ桼ץ䥦֥֥饦켫Ȥľܰʤ MIME פɽԽʤɤϥɥƤӽФȤǹԤȤǤ褦ˤʤޤ
MIME פɽ////Խ뵡ǽ ĥץ debian-policy ѥå mime-policy եȤƱ줿ߤ MIME ݡȥݥꥷ˽äϿԤɬפޤ
MIME ݡȥݥꥷ debian-policy ѥå
mime-policy եȤƱƤޤޤ
Debian ֥ߥ顼
ƥǰӤܡɤꡢŪˤ ٤ƤΥץꥱܡǸ٥ȤƱ褦˲᤹褦ˤ뤿ˡ Debian ǥȥӥ塼ΥץϲΥɥ饤˽ʤФʤޤ
ʹߤΥϵܤβȤʤФޤ
ΥꥹȤϰۤʤäץǤ¸뤿Ǥ
ʬϲ褷ޤʹߤ㳰°ˤĤƵƤޤ
ץʷ̤뤿δĶѿ˰¸ΤǤäƤϤޤ
ϤΤ褦ʴĶѿϥƥΤ˱ƶڤܤ
ץब̾Ķѿ˰¸硢ĶѿꤵƤʤäɸͤȤ褦˽褦ˤ٤Ǥ 줬⤷ưפ˹Ԥʤ褦ʤ (㤨 non-free ץǥɤʤʤ) ץϴĶѿꤷƸΥץƤӽФ褦ʥåѥץȤ֤ƤʤФޤ
ŪΤΥåѥץȤ˼ޤ
ܺ٤ˤĤƤϡ
ĤΥѥåۤʤäǽƱ̾Υץ ȡ뤹ϵƤޤ(ĤΥѥåƱ ǽ뤬μۤʤäƤˤ (alternatives) ǽޤ϶ (Conflicts) ǽȤäƽƤ)ˤĤƤϽ Ȥ ξȯˤϰΥץब̾ѹʤФʤޤ ƥʤ̾ͤƤ뤳Ȥ debian-devel ꥹȤ𤷤ơ ɤΥѥå̾ѹΤιդ褦ˤƤ դʤˤϡξ ץब̾ѹʤФʤޤ
ɸǤϡѥåݤˤϡǤդΥХʥϥǥХåդǺ٤ǡޤŬԤ٤Ǥ
ޤѥηٹåǤͭˤ٤Ǥ
ϡβǽ̵ͭӥɻΥȽǤܿԤκȤưפˤޤ
C ξ硢嵭ΤȤ̾ϼΥѥΰȤ٤Ǥ
ХʥեɸŪˤ strip Ƥ٤Ǥ뤳ȤαդƤ
ӥɥĥǤΥХʥϥǥХåդǥѥ뤵٤ǤǤ⥳ѥκŬΤ˥ǥХåϤФкˤʤޤ ΤᡢɸĶѿ DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS ΥݡȤ侩ޤ ( ) ѿϡѥåѥȥӥɤΤѹĤΥե饰ޤǤޤ
ѥ륪ץ˺ǤŬΤ֤ΤϥƥʤȽǤǤƤޤ ΥХʥ (Ȥз̤¿ץ) ˤϤʤΥե饰 (-O3 ʤ) ¹ԻθΨ夬Ǥ礦ȤˤϼͳˤΤ褦ʥե饰ȤäƤ⤫ޤޤ ŪΤȽǤԤäƤ Ȥͤǥե饰ꤷʤǤ ͳȤΤߤ˸¤äƤ ɤΥѥ륪ץŬڤˤĤƤξήκԤιͤѹΤϼͳǤ ʤʤ餷Фл䤿δĶǤŬʤΤȤƤޤΤǡ
⤷ѥå architecture: any
ȤʤäƤˤϡͭ饤֥Υѥȥե饰ˤ
-fPIC ޤʤФޤ
ʤСΥݡȤƤ륢ƥǥӥɤ˼Ԥޤ
GCC ȤäƤ硢-fPIC
ϰ¸κֲǽʥɤǤޤ
¿ΥƥǶͭ饤֥Τɬפǡ
i386 Ӷ餯¾ΤĤΥƥǤ϶ͭ饤֥˰ְ¸Υɤޤ뤳ȤϵƤޤ
¸ΥɤˤϡǽΥڥʥƥΤ礬ޤ
ä i386 Ǥ®㲼ޤ
â¿ξϤ®㲼
ְ¸ΥɤѤ뤳ȤǤΥƥǤΥȤΥȥ졼ɥդǹθʤФʤޤ
줬ɬפˤʤͳΰĤȤơ饤֥˺ԲĤμΥ֥饳ɤޤޤƤơ
ȤʤηΤκȻ®٤㲼ͭդǤ롢ʤɤξ礬ޤ
դС⤷ͭ饤֥ȥƥå饤֥ξӥɤˤϡƥʬ (C Ǥ *.c ) ѥ뤹ɬפޤ
LinuxThreads ȸߴä饤֥ (ƥåͭ ξ) 뤿ˡgcc Υץ -D_REENTRANT ꤷʤФޤ
ȡ뤵붦ͭ饤֥ϼΤ褦ˤ strip Ƥ٤Ǥ
¿ʬ˲ä --remove-section=.comment
--remove-section=.note
ͭ饤֥ȼ¹ԥեˡ--strip-debug
ƥå饤֥˻ꤹ뤳Ȥ⸡ƤͤǤ礦
ξ硢ȤХǥХåǽḁ̈ѥåӥɤʤɡ strip ʤͭ饤֥ۤ⤢뤳Ȥ˵ĤƤ
ͭΥ֥ȥե (¿ξϡ
ŵŪϡإץ饰
(ǻȤ֥ͭȤǡץ⤫
¾ΥѥåΥХʥȥƤɤͭ饤֥ޤब
ʤ ͳǤ
Ȥ櫓ǡͭ饤֥
ʬΥѥåݤˤϡƤǤζͭ饤֥ΤߤȤ褦˵ĤʤФޤ Ǵְ㤨ȤۤΥ桼ϤʤΥץ¹Ԥ뤳ȤǤޤ Ƥʤѥ˰¸ѥå뤳Ȥ̾﹥ޤޤ
ѥå˴ޤޤ
줬 perl ץȤξϡιԤ #!/usr/bin/perl ǤʤФޤ
륹ץȤƥ PATH Υǥ쥯ȥ˥ȡ뤹硢ץ̾ˤ .sh .pl ʤɤΡץȤΤ˸ȤäƤĥҤޤ٤ǤϤޤ
륹ץ (
ץȤϡSUSv3 Shell Command Language
⤷륹ץȤ嵭ܰʳ SUSv3
곰εǽ륤ץɬפȤ硢ŬڤʥץȤκǽιԤ
(㤨 #!/bin/bash Τ褦) ꤷʤФʤ餺
ΥƤѥåФ¸طѥåǻꤷʤФޤ
(Υѥå "Essential" ˤʤäƤ롢㤨
ץȤǤ¤ SUSv3
εǽӾ嵭ɲõǽѤƽ褦ˤ
Perl ץȤǤϡƥॳȤäȤˤϥ顼åƤ ƥॳˤ open printcloserename system ʤɤޤޤޤ
ïǤǥ쥯ȥ (㤨
Debian base ƥ˴ޤޤ
̾ȥåץ٥ǥ쥯ȥ (롼ȥǥ쥯ȥ
˲äơܥåϲǽʸ¤û٤Ǥ
㤨
㤨С
̤줿եȤ륷ܥåϡоݥեƱĥҤĤ褦ˤƤ
㤨С
ѥåեĥ˥ǥХեޤ뤳ȤϵƤޤ
ѥå base
ƥ˴ޤޤƤʤüʥǥХեɬפȤˤϡ
䤤碌 (ץ饤ƥ) debconf
åޤ echo (printf) ʸǹԤȤǤޤ
ѥå
Debian ǤϥꥢǥХե̾
Ĥΰ㤤Ͻפǡ֤ǽʳǰǤϤޤ ۤȤɤ٤Ƥ conffiles եǤ ¿ե conffiles ǤϤޤ
ӵܤƤȤꡢ
ѥåˤäƺȤե
ʤΥѥå
եΰϲεư˽äΤȤʤФޤ
εưԤ碌䤵ˡե conffile ˤƤޤȤǤ ϤۤȤɤΥȡξˤΤޤޤǻȤ ΥƥԤѹ뤫⤷ʤեźդǤŬˡǤ ˡˡȤˤɸΥե뤬ѥåʪ˴ޤޤƤ뤳ȡޤȡ (䤽¾κݤ) ˥ƥʥץȤԤʤȤƤɬפޤ
ѥå conffile ˥ϡɥĥ뤳ȤϡDzäѹĤʤʤ뤿ᡢƤޤ
§β: ϡɥˤĤ꤬ޤ
ޤˤΤΰĤΥեԽݤ˥ڤäƤޤǥꡢ
Τʤ֤ĤΥեΥڤ졢̤ʤΤˤʤäƤޤȤޤ
ˡ
⤦ĤΤϡ嵭εưƥʥץȤ¸ˡǤ
ξˤե conffile
ȤƤϤʤ餺ޤѥåʪ˴ޤޤƤƤ⤤ޤ
ѥåˤޤޤԤˡʤ餫ե뤬¸ߤƤ뤳ȤɬפʾǤ⡢
եݻκݤ˺褦ʥƥʥץȤ뤳ȤϥѥåƥʤǤǤ
(ܺ٤ Ȥ)
ΥץȤϷ̤κƸʤФޤ
(ʤ
ץȤϥѥåꤷ뤹٤ƤΥץꤷʤФʤʤ櫓ǤϤʤ
Ϳ줿ƥǥѥåư뤿ɬפԤФޤޤ
ŪʤȤСƥԤ
̾ˡ
ޤƤեΰμˡϺߤƤϤޤ
ϡϤؤΰƻǤ
Ʊե conffile ȤƻꤷƤѥå֤
(conflict) ƤȻꤷʤФޤ
ϥեͭƤϤʤȤ§Ƥޤ
ξ (alternative) (diversion) λŬޤ
äˡ
ƥʥץȤϡ켫ȤϿ줿ѥåޤ ʤѥå conffile ѹƤ⤤ޤ
⤷İʾΥѥåƱեѤ ΥѥåƱ˥ȡ뤷Ƥ꤬ʤˤϡ ΥѥåΤΰĤե ͭ (owner) Ƥ ϤեѥåǤ ۤΤեѤѥåϡ ưˤե뤬ɬפʤСͭԤȤʤäѥå˰¸ (depend) ɬפޤ ⤷ۤΥѥåե뤬лȤɤ⡢Υե뤬̵ƤưϤȤȤʤС¸طפǤ
⤷İʾΥѥåƱեѤ
Υѥåեѹ礬롢ȤǤϡʹߤγƹ褦ˤƤ
ˤäƤϡ¾ΥѥåδŪͭե뿷ѥåȤ⤢ޤ (Ȥ sgml-base ѥåͤˤƤ)
δطǡץबưΤ
ȤϸäƤ⡢ư뤿˼ʬǼưŪ˺ΰʳΥɥåȥե뤬ɬפʥץȤΤϡ˾ޤΤǤϤޤ
äơץ Debian ɸ।ȡ֤ǡήΥǥեȤˤǤᤤư褦ꤵƤ٤Ǥ
äơDebian
ѥåΥץư褦ˤ꤬ɬפʤ顢
ե̾
եϻ۴Ĥ褦ˤơɤޤǤ礭ʤ뤳Ȥʤ褦ˤʤФޤ
¸ɤˡϡǥ쥯ȥ
ΥեΰϡñʥץȤ cron
ȤäƾŪ˥۴Ĥ褦ˤΤǤ
Τ˾ߤ˱ƤɤΤ褦ʽǤȤϤޤƥԤκȤ̤ɬפˤʤޤ
Debian ƥǤϡ
ƥץ졼ȤȤƻȤץȤưǥȡ뤹褦ˤ¿Ȥڤˤʤ褦ˤϤƤޤʬȤϤޤǤ
Red Hat Ҥȯ
ѥå (purge)
줿ˤϡե뤬٤ƾõ褦
(ѥå줿ȤˤϾäޤ) ˤ٤Ǥ
ΤʹߤǵܤƤΤϰŪʥɥ饤ǤΤǡ
ɬפ˱ƺǤΥƤ⤫ޤޤ
ʤäƤ뤳Ȥƥ꤬ʤȡ
ޤƥΤۤʬȤǽʸ¤ݻƤ뤳ȤɬǧƤ
餯ޤ
ե root.root νͭǡͭԽ߲ǽïǤɤ (Ŭ¹ԲǽǤ) 褦ˤƤ ʤե⡼ɤ 644 755 ˤʤޤ
ǥ쥯ȥΥѡߥå 755뤤ϡ롼פ߲ĤǤ
2775 ˤ٤Ǥǥ쥯ȥνͭԤ
ѡߥå˹碌Ƥ
Ĥޤǥ쥯ȥΥѡߥå 2775
ǤС˽ɬפΤ륰롼פΥ桼ͭԤꤷƤ
ѥååץ졼ɤݤˡѥå˴ޤޤեΥʤѡߥåѹƤˤϡdpkg
ϥȡ˽ͭȥѡߥåꤵ褦˽ޤ
âϥǥ쥯ȥФƤŬѤޤ
Ĥޤꡢƥ˴¸ߤǥ쥯ȥΥѡߥåȽͭϡѥåΥȡ䥢åץ졼ɤκݤѹޤ
ϡ/usr ʤɤζ̥ǥ쥯ȥˤѹʤ褦ˤ뤿ν֤Ǥ
ѥåλĥǥ쥯ȥΥѡߥåѹˤϡ
̾ postinst ʤɤŪ˽Ԥɬפޤ
ξ硢졼ɤнԤʤФޤ
setuid setgid 줿¹ԥեΥѡߥåϤ줾 47552755 ǡŬڤʽͭԤȥ롼פꤵͤФʤޤ ɤ߹Բ (4711 27114111 ʤ) ˤƤϤޤ ïǤ⼫ͳѲǽ Debian ѥåΥХʥõƤ뤳ȤǤΤǡɤ߹ԲĤˤ뤳ȤϥƥкˤϤʤ餺ñؤˤǤ Ʊͳ set-id Ƥʤ¹ԥեФɤ߹ߡ¹ԵĤ¤٤ǤϤޤ
setuid ȤΥץǤϥեΥѡߥåȤäơ ¹ԤΥ桼Τߤ¤ɬפޤ ξ set-id 桼 uid ͭԤȤơ¹ԤĤ줿롼פ˼¹ԵĤͿޤ λΥѡߥå 4754 Ǥ ֤ޤ¹Ԥʤ桼Фɤ߹ԲĤˤ뤳ȤϡҤͳǰ̣ޤ
ƥԤʥƥˤ˹碌뤿ᡢ
ƥХʥΥѡߥåѤƥѥåꤹȤˤƤ⤫ޤޤ
ξϡʲǵܤ̤
ѥåΤ˿桼ޤϥ롼פɬפ硢Ĥˡޤ ˡϡΥ桼ޤϥ롼פͭԤȤƥХʥѥåνΥեޤ ޤϡХʥñʤ̾ǤϤʤ桼뤤ϥ롼 ID ѥ褦ˤǤޤ (ˡŪ˳Ƥ줿 ID ɬפȤʤ뤿ᡢǽʸ¤٤Ǥ)
Ū˳Ƥ줿 id ɬפʾ硢base-passwd
ƥδԤ˥桼뤤ϥ롼 ID γƤޤ
Ƥޤǥѥå뤳ȤϤǤޤ
Τ褦ʥ桼䥰롼פƤ줿ʤСѥå
ID
ˡϡץब¹Ի˥롼̾ uidgid
ꤹ褦ˤΤǡID ưŪ
ǤưŪϥȡۥˡΰա
̾˴Ϣ ID ͤѤ뤳ȤϤȤƤƤδϢեե륷ƥफ鸡ɬפ뤳ȤդƤ ˤʤäƤѹޤΤǡID ŪưŪɤͤƷƤ
ϥݥꥷΰǤϤʤ
ƥԤ۾֤ Debian
ѥåȰۤʤͭԤޤϥѡߥåǥե
(ޤϥǥ쥯ȥʤ) ȡ뤷硢
ե뤬ȡ뤵ݤۤʤäȤ褦
嵭̤ꡢ
⤷ץ ƥꤹ뤿ʸ
ɬפʾˤϡdpkg-architecture -L
ʸΰĤȤ٤Ǥʸϡ
os-arch ȤˤʤäƤޤ
OS Linux ǤˤϡOS ʬϾά뤳Ȥޤ
ͭʸϡʲ̤Ǥ
i386 ia64 alpha amd64 armeb arm hppa m32r m68k mips
mipsel powerpc ppc64 s390 s390x sh3 sh3eb sh4 sh4eb
sparc darwin-i386 darwin-ia64 darwin-alpha darwin-amd64
darwin-armeb darwin-arm darwin-hppa darwin-m32r
darwin-m68k darwin-mips darwin-mipsel darwin-powerpc
darwin-ppc64 darwin-s390 darwin-s390x darwin-sh3
darwin-sh3eb darwin-sh4 darwin-sh4eb darwin-sparc
freebsd-i386 freebsd-ia64 freebsd-alpha freebsd-amd64
freebsd-armeb freebsd-arm freebsd-hppa freebsd-m32r
freebsd-m68k freebsd-mips freebsd-mipsel freebsd-powerpc
freebsd-ppc64 freebsd-s390 freebsd-s390x freebsd-sh3
freebsd-sh3eb freebsd-sh4 freebsd-sh4eb freebsd-sparc
kfreebsd-i386 kfreebsd-ia64 kfreebsd-alpha
kfreebsd-amd64 kfreebsd-armeb kfreebsd-arm kfreebsd-hppa
kfreebsd-m32r kfreebsd-m68k kfreebsd-mips
kfreebsd-mipsel kfreebsd-powerpc kfreebsd-ppc64
kfreebsd-s390 kfreebsd-s390x kfreebsd-sh3 kfreebsd-sh3eb
kfreebsd-sh4 kfreebsd-sh4eb kfreebsd-sparc knetbsd-i386
knetbsd-ia64 knetbsd-alpha knetbsd-amd64 knetbsd-armeb
knetbsd-arm knetbsd-hppa knetbsd-m32r knetbsd-m68k
knetbsd-mips knetbsd-mipsel knetbsd-powerpc
knetbsd-ppc64 knetbsd-s390 knetbsd-s390x knetbsd-sh3
knetbsd-sh3eb knetbsd-sh4 knetbsd-sh4eb knetbsd-sparc
netbsd-i386 netbsd-ia64 netbsd-alpha netbsd-amd64
netbsd-armeb netbsd-arm netbsd-hppa netbsd-m32r
netbsd-m68k netbsd-mips netbsd-mipsel netbsd-powerpc
netbsd-ppc64 netbsd-s390 netbsd-s390x netbsd-sh3
netbsd-sh3eb netbsd-sh4 netbsd-sh4eb netbsd-sparc
openbsd-i386 openbsd-ia64 openbsd-alpha openbsd-amd64
openbsd-armeb openbsd-arm openbsd-hppa openbsd-m32r
openbsd-m68k openbsd-mips openbsd-mipsel openbsd-powerpc
openbsd-ppc64 openbsd-s390 openbsd-s390x openbsd-sh3
openbsd-sh3eb openbsd-sh4 openbsd-sh4eb openbsd-sparc
hurd-i386 hurd-ia64 hurd-alpha hurd-amd64 hurd-armeb
hurd-arm hurd-hppa hurd-m32r hurd-m68k hurd-mips
hurd-mipsel hurd-powerpc hurd-ppc64 hurd-s390 hurd-s390x
hurd-sh3 hurd-sh3eb hurd-sh4 hurd-sh4eb hurd-sparc
䤿ϡ¾ Linux ǥȥӥ塼ȤθߴʤΤǡ architecture-vendor-os ξ arch-debian-linux Ȥʤ褦ˤƤޤޤunknown ϸ줷Τǡ arch-unknown-linux Ȥޤ
եΤ
ѥåԹǤΥե˿ȥ꤬ɬפʾˤϡ
ƥʤ
ե
ѥå
ΥץǤϲ tty κɬפˤʤޤ C 饤֥ΥݡȤ Unix98 pty ȤȤǼ¸Ǥޤ Τ褦ʥץϡۤεǽ¸ΤɬפǤʤС ( tty κΤ) root setuid ƤϤޤ
ǥڡƥʸԽɽ˻Ȥץबޤ Debian ǥȥӥ塼ѤǤ륨ǥڡˤϤμबΤǡ ƥԤȥ桼ߤΥǥȥڡǤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ
ˡơΥץϡ桼ޤϥƥԤԤäƤʤˤϡŬڤɸΥǥȥڡ٤Ǥ
嵭ͳǡǥڡѤƥץϡ
EDITOR PAGER
ĶѿѤƥǥȥڡʤФޤ
ͤꤵƤʤСץ
2 ĤΥץ
EDITORPAGER
ĶѿȤư褦ץΤʾϡ
ץϥ桼ιߤΥǥȽǤΤ VISUAL
ĶѿѤƤ⤫ޤޤδĶѿƤʤС
EDITOR ˤͥ褵٤Ǥ
ѥå editor pager ˰¸ɬפϤʤ
Debian ܥƥब editor pager ץƤޤ
Ǥ Debian ƥǤƤ web Ф web ץꥱѤ٤ (ǥ쥯ȥ) ȤĤ URL ޤ
HTML ʸؤΥ
ƥѥå HTML ʸ
web ФʸĥФ륢ΥۥȤΥ饤ȤΤߤʤ褦¤٤Ǥ
⤷ web ФΤ褦ʥ浡ǽʤʤ顢
ʤ褦ˤ뤫
ȡ˥ɤ䤤碌Ƥ
ؤΥ
ѥåǻѤϡ
/usr/share/images/package ˳Ǽ
/images/ ΥꥢѤ
Web ʸ롼ȥǥ쥯ȥ
web ץꥱ Web
ʸ롼ȥǥ쥯ȥ˥ե֤ʤ褦ؤƤ
ˡʸˤ /usr/share/doc/package
ǥ쥯ȥѤ httpd httpd-cgi 뤳
֥Фϡۥѥå httpd
٤Ǥ֥Ф CGI ݡȤƤ硢
˲ۥѥå httpd-cgi ٤Ǥ
CGI ץȤޤޤʤ֥ץꥱϡhttpd
˰¸٤ǤޤCGI ץȤ ºݤ ޤ०֥ץꥱϡ
httpd-cgi ˰¸٤Ǥ
Żҥ Debian ѥåϡ줬桼 (mail-user-agentsMUA) ޤϥ (mail-transport-agentsMTA) ΤǤ졢˽Ƥ뤳ȤǧƤ 줬ʤϥäꡢFrom: Ԥäꡢ¾ήλ⤷ޤ
FHS ˵ܤ̤ꡢ륹ס
Debian ƥ MUAMTAMDA
Ӥ¾ΥܥåȤץ (IMAP ǡʤ)
Ϥ٤ NFS
ĶǰˡȤäƥեåԤʤФޤ
ʤfcntl()
ˤåϥɥåȥեˤåʻѤʤФʤޤ
ǥåɥå뤿ᡢץǤϤޤ
fcntl() Ȥäơμ˥ɥåȥեåȤĤΥå֥åʤ
ĤΥåǤʤˤϡƥܤΥåǤޤԤĤΤǤϤʤ
ǽΥåơǷꤷ֤Ԥ٥åμʤ褦ˤƤ
δؿȤˤϡliblockfile1 (>>1.01)
ؤΰ¸ꤹɬפޤ
ܥåϥƥԤ¾Фʤ¤ꡢ̾ϥ⡼ 660 user.mail ΥѡߥåǤ MUA ɬפ˱ƥܥåƤ⤫ޤޤ (üʥѡߥåˤʤäƤʤ) ξˤ MTA ۤ MUA ɬפ˱ƥܥåƺǤʤФʤޤ ܥå mail 롼פ߲ǽǤʤФʤޤ
륹סǥ쥯ȥ 2775 root.mail ǡMUA Ͼ嵭Υå뤿 mail setgid Ƥ٤Ǥ øȤä¾οͤΥܥå˥뤳ȤʤФʤޤ
ܥåžΥɥ쥹ȤߤϥݡȤƤޤ .forward եȤäƤ
UUCPǻȤ
ѥåǡǺ줿ؤΥ˥塼ΥåФƻȤ̾ (ʤ)
ɬפʾϡ
Τ褦ʥѥåϤΥե¸ߤåʤФʤޤ
Υե뤬¸ߤСʾμʤˤΥեȤäƤ
(MTAꥹץǤϡΥե뤬¸ߤƤˤȤɤμƤ⤫ޤޤ)
Υե뤬¸ߤʤСѥå˥桼
NNTP (˥塼) Ф䥯饤Ȥ˴طեϤ٤
ΥޥǤʣΥ˥塼饤Ȥ䥵ХѥåѤαޤ
ޤ
X ɥƥб褦ǽʥץ X ɥƥؤΥݡȤޤ褦˹ʤФޤ X ɥƥ಼ǻѤݡ¹Իɬפʰ¸ط褦˥ѥå¸طʤФޤ ޤΥѥå줬¸ X ѥå⤤ץ饤ƥǥȡ뤵 (оݤȤʤѥå standard ޤϤ⤤ץ饤ƥǥȡ뤵ΤǤ) ˤϡX Ϣʬ̥ѥåʬΥ뤫X ݡȤǤΥѥå뤫 ѥåΥץ饤ƥ뤫β줫нԤɬפޤ
X Фѥåľܤޤϴܤ˼ºݤϵɽϡɥѥåϥȥե˲ۥѥå
xserver뤳Ȥ
ϲۥѥåꥹȤˤ xserver
ۥѥåλˡ˴ؤ븽ߤλԤݥꥷȤƤμºݤξΤǤ
üŪ˸äơǥץ쥤ϥϡɥľܡޤ̤Υ֥ƥͳ
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ۥѥå٤ǤXvfbXnest
Xprt
Τ褦ʤΤϲۥѥå٤ǤϤޤ
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x-terminal-emulator 뤳Ȥ٤Ǥ
ޤΤ褦ʥѥåϤޤʬȤץ饤ƥ
20
x-terminal-emulator
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ɥޥ͡ѥåϡȥե˲ۥѥå
x-window-manager 뤳Ȥ٤Ǥ
Τ褦ʥѥåϤޤʬȤץ饤ƥ
X ɥƥΥե
Debian Policy Ū塢 X
ɥƥΥեȤȤäƤΤϡX
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Linux ΥեȡPostScript
ŸѤΤΤ䤽¾ŪǻȤΤϤʬˤϴޤޤ
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Perl ץȥ⥸塼ϡߤ Perl ݥꥷ˽٤Ǥ
Perl ݥꥷ debian-policy ѥå
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Debian ֥ߥ顼
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Υѥå㤨 fortune cookie ץǤϡǡե䤽¾Ūʾɤ߹ԲĤǥȡ뤷
set-id 줿ץˤäƤΤߥǤ褦ˡήγȯԤꤷƤޤ
Τ褦ʤȤ Debian ѥåǤ٤ǤϤޤ
ʤȤʤïǤ
FHS ǵꤵƤ褦ˡΥХʥ
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ƥץࡢ桼ƥƥǽϤ˴Ϣޥ˥奢ڡƱѥå˴ޤ٤Ǥ ٤Ƥե⤽˴Ϣޥ˥奢ڡޤ뤳Ȥ侩ޤ ץȥ䡢¾տŪʤȤ˴ؤޥ˥奢ڡϥץǤ
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ήκԤ˥ޥ˥奢뤬ʤȤζžDebian ХȥåƥǤ žѤߡ٤ȤˤƤ⤫ޤޤ GNU ץȤǤϥޥ˥奢뤬ʤȤ̾ХǤϤʤȤƤޤ䤿ϥХȸʤޤ 餬ХǤϤʤϢƤǤϡ Debian ХȥåƥǤϡ̤٤ΤޤޤˤƤƤ
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ĤΥޥ˥奢ڡʣ̾ǻȤɬפϡ
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info ʸ
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ˤ --section ץѤƤ
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Хʥѥå
ѥåϡưΤ
ƥԤץबưʤʤ뤳Ȥʤ
εϰʲ˵ܤ changelog
եεͥ褹ΤǤϤޤĤޤꡢ
Debian Ǥźʸ
ܹԤθߤλǤϡ
Debian ץȤǤ ʸη첽 HTML ˤԤʤƤޤ
ѥå˳ƼѴǽʥޡåξܺʸ°ƤϡХʥѥåˤϲǽʤ HTML ΤΤ
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ʸϢΥѥå 줫
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PostScript Τ褦¾ηϥѥåƥʤκ̤Ƥ
ƥѥåˤϡ۾Υ饤ʸΤޤޤη
Ⱦ GPL ۤι
ޤեˤϸȤʤäήΥɤ줿ܤʤФʤޤ ޤѥåθԤ̾ȥѥå˴Ϳ Debian ƥʤ̾ܤ٤Ǥ
contrib ޤ non-free ƥΥѥåϡեˤΥѥå Debian GNU/Linux ΰǤϤʤȡӤδʷͳ٤Ǥ
ѥåե˥إС쥤 BSD 饤
Apache 饤 (version 2)
Artistic Licensethe GNU GPL (version 2 ޤ 3), GNU LGPL
(versions 2, 2.1, ޤ 3) ޤ the GNU FDL (version 1.2)
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Ūˤ
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ήγȯԤ Debian ƥʤƱʪǤ뤿 Debian
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ϡݥꥷʸ礬Ƥ뤫ΥåϤʤƤޤʬϥݥꥷʸͥ褵ޤ Ťѥåޥ˥奢λĤξϤϤޤ˥ݥꥷޥ˥奢˼ϿƤʤʬɤθڤʤƤޤ ξΥåϤ줫ԤͽǤ
ʸǤϥѥåޥ˥奢ενɬפ˱Ƽ»ܤޤʲˤĤƤؤɼƤޤ ¤ѤʤȤ䡢餫ʴְ㤤ΤʬäƤޤʸʸȤäƤʤΤǶʸľΤϤƤޤ ޤʸƱʸȤʤäƤȤǡϿʸƱʸˤʤäƤ뤫ɤͤ碌äƤޤ (Ѥʳ˰̣Τ뽤ǤϤʤ) 嵭̤껲ͤˤȤɤƤ
ʲΥѥåޥ˥奢Τϡݥꥷޥ˥奢ѤߤǡϿƤޤ ξ꤫鿷ФƥƤޤ
ΥХʥѥåϡȡѤμ¹Բǽʥץ (̾ϥѥѤΥХʥ) ȴϢǡδѤ߷פƤޤ ɤɥȤޤΤ⤢ޤ
Υޥ˥奢ˤϡDebian ΥХʥѥå (
Υޥ˥奢ϡ
Υޥ˥奢Ǥϡѥåġ䥤ȡġΥץȤˤĤƤξܤϹԤʤޤ Υץ man ڡȰɤDz
Υޥ˥奢
Debian ѥåäƤߤͤΤˡFSF GNU hello
ץ Debian ǤȤƤޤ
Debian ѥåκȰݻʥġȤ
Хʥѥå礭ʬƣĤʬʤޤ
ǽʬˤ
Ĥʬϥȡ뤵եǥ쥯ȥޤ֤Ǥ
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֤ΥեޥåȤˤĤƤϥޥ˥奢
ХʥѥåեϤ٤
Хʥѥå뤿ˤϡ
ѥåΥե륷ƥǡʬ줿եǥ쥯ȥƴޤǥ쥯ȥĥʤФʤޤ
Debian եޥåȤΥѥåǤϡΥǥ쥯ȥ̾ϥѥåΥĥΥȥåפХѥ
Υեǥ쥯ȥϡȡ뤵줿ˤʤԤ륷ƥǤ (ʤǥ쥯ȥĥΥ롼ȤȤФǤ) ֤ȽͭԤȵ°äƤʤФʤޤ
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ˤ
줿եȤĴ٤ˡˤĤƤξܺ٤ man ڡ
Хʥѥå
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ǡ
Υեˤ
Υե̾
ΥץȤˡ־ƱܡפƤȤ˽פǤ
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Debian 줿ѥåΥХʥѥå
ХʥѥåȥեΥեɤ Ƥޤ
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Debian Хʥѥå Debian ޤ Debian ϥХʥѥåñˡļưŪ˹ۤ䤹褦üʷˤʤäƤޤ
ѥå͡ʥġ뤬Ƥޤ ϥѥå䥢ѥåꡢХʥѥåιۤ俷СΥǥȥӥ塼Τꤷޤ
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Debian ѥåɤäƺ뤫ȡ Debian
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ΥץϼưǤ褯Ȥޤޤ
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Υץ̾諒ĥΥȥåץ٥
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ΥץΰϡХʥѥåΥȥե˶ͭ饤֥ΰ¸طޤɬפΤ¹ԷӶͭ饤֥
Ȥʤ¹Բǽեˤϡκ륽ĥΤ䡢Хʥѥå˲ȡ뤵빽ۥĥΤꤹ뤳ȤǤޤ
줿ͭ饤֥꤬ Recommends Suggests Τߤݾڤ٤䡢Pre-Depends ݾڤ٤ϡ μ¹Է -ddependency-field ץĤƤؼʤФʤޤ ( -d ץϼ -d ޤͭǤ)
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ΥץϥǥեȤ shlibs:
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ĤΥѥåΥåץɤǤϥѥåХʥѥåʳΥեޤɬפޤ
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줿ĥΥȥåץ٥
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ߡdpkg ΥݡȤޤǤ UTF-8 ѥåΥȥեեɤʤɤ˽ȤϤǤޤʤȤ
Debian changelogs UTF-8 ɤ뤳Ȥ侩ϲǽǤ
ϡ뤳ȤǽˤʤǤ礦
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ե
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ԤΤԤ Perl ɽǥޥåʤФޤ:
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changelog եޥåȤդѥå̾˴ؤޤǤʤȤϡξϽϤʤФʤޤ ѡϤξĴ礷ƤϤޤ ޤϡ¾Υ餽ξĤƤƤϤޤ
changelog νͽΤǤϤʤȤϡ𤷤ޤޥѡߤ¿ʬΤʽϤϡνλ֤ǽλ٤Ǥ
changelog ѡϥ桼ȤŪڹԤäƤϤʤޤ
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ꥸʥΥɤʤ - 㤨Сѥå Debian
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Debian ѥåΥѥåˤ dpkg-source -x
Ǥ
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Debian 줿СȰ˥ꥸʥΥɤߤϡ
tar ե⤦Ÿޤ
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ܥåѹ
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桼ȥѥåԤΤɤ餬⤬եѹƤʤϡեϤΤޤޥȡ뤵ޤ ɤ餫ΥСեԽƤϡԽ줿Сͥ褵ޤ Ĥޤꡢ桼եԽƤꡢѥåԤäСФƤʤäʤ顢 ̵ˡ桼ѹΤޤĤޤ ɤ⡢ѥåԤСФƤơ 桼ե˼äƤʤäϡСȡ뤵ޤ (ΤȤΤȤΤ餻åɽޤ) 桼ѥåԤξեѹƤϡ 桼ʬȤǤ褹褦ˡϤ¥ץץȤϤޤ
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եץ˥Хȯ䡢ΥեΥեޥåȤΥСѹ줿Ȥˤϡ postinst ץȤԽʤФʤʤʤǤ礦 դĤξϡȡ뤵줿ե뤫顢ȤΤȤˤʤ뤫Υեʸˡѹ뤳Ȥˤʤޤ ϡĤƹԤʤƤϤʤޤ Ǥ˥桼Ϥн褹褦եƤ뤫⤷ޤ ץȤϤǤнѤߤǤФơʤФʤޤ
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ġμϿˤϡȡ postinst
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postrm ξϤ礦ɤεդԤʤޤ
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