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ddp/manuals.sgml/project-history/project-history.sgml
ç°æã§ãã
éŠé¡ææžã"Debian ãããžã§ã¯ãã®æŽå²" ã§ããææ°çã«
è¿œåŸããŸããã®ã§ãã§ãã¯ã埡é¡ãèŽããŸãã
ã»æ¢åæ¥æ¬èªèš³ãååšãã段èœãå«ããå
šèš³ããŠãããŸãã
ãã¡ããæ¢åèš³ã倧ãã«åèã«ãããŠé ããŸããã
ã»appendix ã® "Debian 宣èš" ã¯ãè¡šé¡ä»¥å€ã¯æ¢åæ¥æ¬èªèš³ã®
ã³ããã§ã (å°çã®æ¹ã§æ°ã¥ããäºçŽ°ãª typo ä¿®æ£ã®ã¿)ã
æ¢åæ¥æ¬èªèš³ã®èš³æ³šããã®ãŸãŸæ®ããŠãããŸããæç« ã«æã
å
¥ãããããšãæããŸãããããããŸã§ãå奜ã®åé¡ã§ããã
ãŸã "å²æ" ã§ãããããšãããã®ãŸãŸãšããŸããã
--
ç°æ äžå¹³ <ippei1@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
<!doctype debiandoc system>
<book>
<title>A Brief History of Debian</title>
<title>Debian å°å²</title>
<author>Debian Documentation Team <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email>
<version>2.5 (last revised August 10th, 2005)</version>
<abstract>
This document describes the history and goals of the Debian project.
ãã®ææžã¯ã Debian ãããžã§ã¯ãã®æŽå²ãšç®æšã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãŸãã
</abstract>
<copyright>
This document may be freely redistributed or modified in any form provided
your changes are clearly documented.
<p>
This document may be redistributed for fee or free, and may be
modified (including translation from one type of media or file format to
another or from one spoken language to another) provided that all changes
from the original are clearly marked as such.
<p>
Significant contributions were made to this document by
<list>
<item>Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>
<item>Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>
<item>Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>
<item>Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>
<item>Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@xxxxxxxxx</email>
<item>Ian Murdock <email>imurdock@debian.org</email>
<item>Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>
<item>Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>
</list>
<p>
This document is currently maintained primarily by Bdale Garbee
<email>bdale@debian.org</email>.
<p>
This document was translated by
<list>
<item>upstream authors of the doc-debian-ja package
(Debian Linux Manifesto)
<item>Oohara Yuuma <email>oohara@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx</email> and
Ippei Tamrua <email>ippei1@xxxxxxxxxxxx</email>
(the rest)
</list>
</copyright>
<toc>
<chapt>Changelog
<sect>dated å®ææã«æ¥ä»ãå
¥ãã
<p> Changes by Ippei Tamura
<list>
<item>New upstream version (version 2.5, cvs revision 1.48).
</list>
</sect>
<sect>dated Sat, 27 Apr 2002
<p>Changes by Oohara Yuuma
<list>
<item>New upstream version (version 2.3, cvs revision 1.18).
</list>
</sect>
<sect>dated Sat, 23 Mar 2002
<p>Changes by Oohara Yuuma
<list>
<item>New upstream version (version 2.0, cvs revision 1.16).
</list>
</sect>
<sect>dated Tue, 15 Jan 2002
<p>Changes by Oohara Yuuma
<list>
<item>Initial version (version 2.0, cvs revision 1.14).
</list>
</sect>
</chapt>
<chapt id="intro">Introduction -- What is the Debian Project?
<chapt id="intro">åºæ -- Debian ãããžã§ã¯ããšã¯äœã?
<p>
<url id="http://www.debian.org/" name="The Debian Project"> is a
worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an operating
system distribution that is composed entirely of free software. The
principle product of the project to date is the Debian GNU/Linux
software distribution, which includes the Linux operating system
kernel, and thousands of prepackaged applications. Various processor
types are supported to one extent or another, including Intel i386 and
above, Alpha, ARM, Intel IA-64, Motorola 68k, MIPS, PA-RISC, PowerPC, Sparc
(and UltraSparc), IBM S/390 and Hitachi SuperH.
<url id="http://www.debian.org/" name="Debian ãããžã§ã¯ã"> ã¯ãããªãŒ
ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã ããããªããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã
äœãããã«åªåãããäžçèŠæš¡ã®ãã©ã³ãã£ã¢ã°ã«ãŒãã§ãããã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã®
ä»ãŸã§ã®äž»èŠãªææç©ã¯ãDebian GNU/Linux ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³
ã§ãããã㯠Linux ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã«ãŒãã«ãšãäœåãã®ããã±ãŒãžåæž
ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå«ã¿ãŸããããŸããŸãªããã»ããµã¿ã€ãã«çšåºŠããéããã®ã®
察å¿ããŠããŸãããã®äžã«ã¯ Intel i386 以éãAlphaãARMãIntel IA-64ã
Motorola 68kãMIPSãPA-RISCãPowerPCãSparc (ããã³ UltraSparc)ãIBM S/390ã
Hitachi SuperH ãå«ãŸããŸãã
<p>
Debian motivated the formation of
<url id="http://www.spi-inc.org/" name="Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,">
a New York-based non-profit organization. SPI was founded to help
Debian and other similar organizations develop and distribute open
hardware and software. Among other things, SPI provides a mechanism
by which The Debian Project may accept contributions that are tax
deductable in the United States.
Debian ã¯
<url id="http://www.spi-inc.org/" name="Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,">
(SPI) èšç«ã®åæ©ãšãªããŸãããSPI ã¯ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ãæ¬æ å°ãšããéå¶å©å£äœ
ã§ããDebian ããã³ãã®ä»ã®åæ§ã®çµç¹ãããªãŒãã³ããŒããŠã§ã¢ããã³ãœãã
ãŠã§ã¢ãéçºããã®ãæŽå©ããããã«èšç«ãããŸããããšããã SPI ã¯ãDebian
ãããžã§ã¯ããç±³åœã§çšæ§é€å¯èœãªå¯ä»ãåãåããä»çµã¿ãæäŸããŠããŸãã
<p>
For more information about free software, see the <url
id="http://www.debian.org/social_contract" name="Debian Social
Contract"> and associated Debian Free Software Guidelines, or the
<url id="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" name="Debian What Does Free Mean?">
page.
ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ã«ã€ããŠã®è©³çŽ°ã¯ã<url
id="http://www.debian.org/social_contract" name="Debian 瀟äŒå¥çŽ"> ãš
ããã«é¢é£ãã Debian ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ãã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/intro/free" name="ããªãŒãšã¯äœã ãã?">
ã®ããŒãžãåç
§ããŠãã ããã
<sect>In the Beginning
<sect>èµ·æº
<p>
The Debian Project was officially founded by Ian Murdock on
<url name="August 16th, 1993" id="http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=CBusDD.MIK%40unix.portal.com&output=gplain">.
At that time, the whole concept of a "distribution" of Linux
was new. Ian intended Debian to be a distribution which would be
made openly, in the sprit of Linux and GNU (read his manifesto provided
as an appendix to this document for more details). The creation of Debian
was sponsored by the FSF's GNU project for one year (November 1994 to
November 1995).
Debian ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯ãå
¬åŒã«ã¯ Ian Murdock ããã«ãã£ãŠ
<url name="1993 幎 8 æ 16 æ¥" id="http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=CBusDD.MIK%40unix.portal.com&output=gplain">
ã«åµèšãããŸãããåœæã¯ãLinux ã®ããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ããšããæŠå¿µ
èªäœãæ°ãããã®ã§ãããIan ãã㯠Debian ãéããããLinux ãš GNU ã®
粟ç¥ã«åã£ããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«ããããšããŸãã (詳现ã¯ãã®ææžã®
ä»é²ãšããŠæäŸãããŠãã Ian ããã®å®£èšãåç
§ããŠãã ãã)ãDebian ã®
åµèšã«ããããFSF ã® GNU ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãã£ãŠ 1 幎é
(1994 幎 11 æãã 1995 幎 11 æãŸã§) æ¯æŽãåããŸããã
<p>
Debian was meant to be carefully and conscientiously put together, and
to be maintained and supported with similar care. It started as a
small, tightly-knit group of Free Software hackers, and gradually grew
to become a large, well-organized community of developers and
users.
Debian ã¯ã泚ææ·±ããããŠè¯å¿çã«ãŸãšããããããã«ããããŠåæ§ã®é
æ
®ã§
ä¿å®ãããµããŒããããããã«æå³ãããŸãããDebian ã¯ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢
ããã«ãŒã®å°ããç·å¯ãªã°ã«ãŒããšããŠå§ãŸãããã ãã«éçºè
ããã³
ãŠãŒã¶ã®å€§èŠæš¡ã§ããçµç¹åãããã³ãã¥ããã£ãžãšæé·ããŸããã
<p>
Debian is the only distribution that is open for every developer and user
to contribute their work. It is the only significant distributor of Linux
that is not a commercial entity. It is the only large project with a
constitution, social contract, and policy documents to organize the project.
Debian is also the only distribution which is "micro packaged" using detailed
dependency information regarding inter-package relationships to ensure system
consistency across upgrades.
Debian ã¯ããã¹ãŠã®éçºè
ããã³ãŠãŒã¶ã«èªãã®äœæ¥ã§è²¢ç®ããæ¹æ³ã
éãããŠããå¯äžã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãããŸã Linux ã®éèŠãª
é
åžå£äœãšããŠã¯ãå¯äžå¶å©å£äœã§ã¯ãããŸãããDebian ã¯ãããžã§ã¯ãã
çµç¹ããããã®æ²ç« ã瀟äŒå¥çŽãããŠããªã·ãŒææžãæã€å¯äžã®å€§ãããžã§ã¯ã
ã§ããDebian ã¯ãŸããã¢ããã°ã¬ãŒãæã®ã·ã¹ãã ã®æŽåæ§ãä¿èšŒããããã«ã
ããã±ãŒãžéã®é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã®è©³çŽ°ãªäŸåæ
å ±ã«ãã£ãŠã现ããããã±ãŒãžå
ããããå¯äžã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããããŸãã
<p>
To achieve and maintain high standards of quality, Debian has adopted an
extensive set of policies and procedures for packaging and delivering software.
These standards are backed up by tools, automation, and documentation implementing all
of Debian's key elements in an open and visible way.
é«å質ãéæããŠç¶æããããã«ãDebian ã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãããã±ãŒãžåããŠ
é
åžããããã®æ¡åŒµå¯èœãªããªã·ãŒãšæç¶ãäžåŒãæ¡çšããŸããããããã®åºæºã¯ã
Debian ã®äž»èŠãªèŠçŽ ãã¹ãŠããªãŒãã³ã§ç®ã«èŠãã圢ã§å®è£
ããããŒã«ãèªååã
ææžã«ãã£ãŠè£æã¡ãããŠããŸãã
</sect>
<sect>Pronouncing Debian
<sect> Debian ã®çºé³
<p>
The official pronounciation of Debian is 'deb ee n'. The name comes
from the names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife,
Debra.
Debian ã®å
¬åŒã®çºé³ã¯ãããã¢ã³ (deb ee n)ãã§ãããã®ååã¯ãDebian ã®
åµèšè
ã§ãã Ian Murdock ãããšãã®åŠ»ã§ãã Debra ããã«ç±æ¥ããŸãã
</sect>
</chapt>
<chapt id="leaders">Leadership
<chapt id="leaders">ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒ
<p>
Debian has had several leaders since its beginnings in 1993.
Debian ã«ã¯ 1993 幎ã®åµèšä»¥æ¥ãäœäººãã®ãªãŒããŒãããŸããã
<p>
Ian Murdock founded Debian in August 1993 and led it until March 1996.
Ian Murdock ãã㯠Debian ã 1993 幎 8 æã«åµèšãã1996 幎 3 æãŸã§
ãªãŒããŒãåããŸããã
<p>
Bruce Perens led Debian from April 1996 until December 1997.
Bruce Perens ãã㯠1996 幎 4 æãã 1997 幎 12 æãŸã§ Debian ã®
ãªãŒããŒãåããŸããã
<p>
Ian Jackson led Debian from January 1998 until December 1998.
Ian Jackson ãã㯠1998 幎 1 æãã 1998 幎 12 æãŸã§ Debian ã®
ãªãŒããŒãåããŸããã
<p>
Wichert Akkerman led Debian from January 1999 until March 2001.
Wichert Akkerman ãã㯠1999 幎 1 æãã 2001 幎 3 æãŸã§ Debian ã®
ãªãŒããŒãåããŸããã
<p>
Ben Collins led Debian from April 2001 until April 2002.
Ben Collins ãã㯠2001 幎 4 æãã 2002 幎 4 æãŸã§ Debian ã®
ãªãŒããŒãåããŸããã
<p>
Bdale Garbee led Debian from April 2002 until April 2003.
Bdale Garbee ããã¯ã2002 幎 4 æãã 2003 幎 4 æãŸã§ Debian ã®
ãªãŒããŒãåªããŸããã
<p>
Martin Michlmayr was elected in March 2003 and held the leader position
until March 2005.
Martin Michlmayr ãã㯠2003 幎 3 æã«éžåºããã2005 幎 3 æãŸã§
ãªãŒããŒãšãªã£ãŠããŸããã
<p>
Branden Robinson was elected in April 2005 and is our current leader.
Branden Robinson ãã㯠2005 幎 4 æã«éžåºãããçŸåšã®ãªãŒããŒã§ãã
</chapt>
<chapt id="releases">Debian Releases
<chapt id="releases">Debian ãªãªãŒã¹
<p>Debian 0.01 through 0.90 (August-December 1993)
<p>Debian 0.01 ãã 0.90 ãŸã§ (1993 幎 8 æ - 12 æ)
<p>
Debian 0.91 (January 1994): This release had a simple package system
which could install and uninstall packages. The project had grown to several
dozen people at this point.
Debian 0.91 (1994 幎 1 æ): ãã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã¯ãããã±ãŒãžã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã³
åé€ãã§ããåçŽãªããã±ãŒãžã·ã¹ãã ãåããŠããŸãããDebian ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã
ãã®æç¹ã§æ°å人èŠæš¡ã«æé·ããŠããŸããã
<p>
Debian 0.93R5 (March 1995): Responsibility for each package was
clearly assigned to a developer by this point, and the package manager
(<prgn>dpkg</prgn>) was used to install packages after the
installation of a base system.
Debian 0.93R5 (1995 幎 3 æ): ãã®æç¹ãŸã§ã«ãåããã±ãŒãžã«å¯Ÿãã責任ã
éçºè
ã«æ確ã«å²ãããŠãããŸããããããŠåºæ¬ã·ã¹ãã ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«åŸã¯ã
ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ (<prgn>dpkg</prgn>) ãããã±ãŒãžã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã«
䜿ãããŸããã
<p>
Debian 0.93R6 (November 1995): <prgn>dselect</prgn> appears. This
was the last Debian release using the a.out binary format; there were about
60 developers.
The first master.debian.org server was built by Bdale Garbee and hosted
by HP in parallel with the 0.93R6 release. The deployment of an explicit
master server on which Debian developers would construct each release led
directly to the formation of the Debian mirror network, and indirectly to
the development of many of the policies and procedures used to manage the
project today.
Debian 0.93R6 (1995 幎 11 æ): <prgn>dselect</prgn> ãç»å ŽããŸããã
a.out ãã€ããªåœ¢åŒã䜿ãæåŸã® Debian ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ããçŽ 60 åã®
éçºè
ãããŸããã
æåã® master.debian.org ãµãŒãã Bdale Garbee ããã«ãã£ãŠæ§ç¯ããã
0.93R6 ãªãªãŒã¹ãšäžŠè¡ã㊠HP ã«ãã£ãŠéçšãããŸãããDebian ã®éçºè
ã
åãªãªãŒã¹ãæ§ç¯ããããã®ç¹å®ã®ãã¹ã¿ãŒãµãŒããèšçœ®ããããšã¯ãDebian ã®
ãã©ãŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç·šæã«çŽçµããŸããããŸãä»æ¥ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã管çããã®ã«
䜿ãããŠããããªã·ãŒãæç¶ãã®å€ããéçºããããšã«ãéæ¥çã«ã€ãªãããŸããã
<p>
Debian 1.0 was never released: Accidently Infomagic, a CD vendor,
shipped the development release of Debian and entitled it 1.0. On December
11th 1995, Debian and Infomagic jointly announced that this release was
screwed. Bruce Perens explains that the data placed on the "InfoMagic
Linux Developer's Resource 5-CD Set November 1995" as "Debian 1.0" is not
the Debian 1.0 release, but an early development version which is only
partially in the ELF format, will probably not boot or run correctly, and
does not represent the quality of a released Debian system. To prevent
confusion between the premature CD version and the actual Debian release,
the Debian Project has renamed its next release to "Debian 1.1". The
premature Debian 1.0 on CD is deprecated and should not be used.
### 2 çªç®ã®æç« ã"screwed" ãã©ãèš³ãããã®ã...
ãªãªãŒã¹ãããªãã£ã Debian 1.0: CD ãã³ãã® Infomagic 瀟ããDebian ã®
éçºçãªãªãŒã¹ãåã¶ãããªãåºè·ãã1.0 ãšç§°ããŸããã1995 幎 12 æ 11 æ¥ã
Debian ãš Infomagic 瀟ã¯å
±åã§åœè©²ãªãªãŒã¹ã誀ã£ããã®ã§ãããšçºè¡šãã
Bruce Perens ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«èª¬æããŸãããããªãã¡ "Debian 1.0" ãšããŠ
"InfoMagic Linux Developer's Resource 5-CD Set November 1995" ã«åé²ããã
ããŒã¿ã¯ Debian ã® 1.0 ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ã¯ãªããéšåçã« ELF 圢åŒãšãªã£ãŠããã ãã®
åæéçºçã§ããããšããããŠããããèµ·åãããåäœãäžå®å®ã§ããªãªãŒã¹ããã
Debian ã·ã¹ãã ã®å質ãè¡šãããŠã¯ããªãããšãªã©ã§ããæªç㪠CD çãšå®éã®
Debian ãªãªãŒã¹ãšã®æ··ä¹±ãé¿ãããããDebian ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯æ¬¡æãªãªãŒã¹ã
"Debian 1.1" ãšæ¹åããŸãããCD äžã®æªç㪠Debian 1.0 ã¯äžå®å
šã§ããã
䜿ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸããã
<p>
Debian 1.1 <em>Buzz</em> (June 17th, 1996): This was the first Debian
release with a code name. It was taken, like all others so far, from
a character in the movie <em>Toy Story</em>... in this case, Buzz
Lightyear. By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership of
the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the
company that produced the movie. This release was fully ELF, used
Linux kernel 2.0, and contained 474 packages.
Debian 1.1 <em>Buzz</em> (1996 幎 6 æ 17 æ¥): ã³ãŒãããŒã ãã€ããæåã®
Debian ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ãããã以éã®å
šãªãªãŒã¹ãšåãããæ ç» <em>Toy Story</em>
äžã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ç±æ¥ããŸã... ãã®å Žå㯠Buzz Lightyear ã§ãããã®é ã«ã¯ã
Bruce Perens ããã Ian Murdock ãããããããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒè·ãåŒãã€ãã§
ãããBruce ããã¯ãã®æ ç»ãäœã£ã Pixar 瀟ã«å€ããŠããŸããããã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã¯
å®å
šã« ELF 圢åŒã§ãLinux ã«ãŒãã« 2.0 ã䜿ã£ãŠããã474 åã®ããã±ãŒãžã
åé²ããŠããŸããã
<p>
Debian 1.2 <em>Rex</em> (December 12th, 1996): Named for the plastic dinosaur
in the movie. This release consisted of 848 packages maintained by
120 developers
Debian 1.2 <em>Rex</em> (1996 幎 12 æ 12 æ¥): æ ç»ã«ç»å Žãããã©ã¹ããã¯ã®
æç«ããåä»ããããŸããã120 人ã®éçºè
ã«ãã£ãŠä¿å®ããã 848 åã®ããã±ãŒãž
ããæ§æãããŠããŸããã
<p>
Debian 1.3 <em>Bo</em> (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the shepherdess.
This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 developers.
Debian 1.3 <em>Bo</em> (1997 幎 7 æ 5 æ¥): 女çŸé£Œãã§ãã Bo Peep ãã
åä»ããããŸããã200 人ã®éçºè
ã«ãã£ãŠä¿å®ããã 974 åã®ããã±ãŒãžãã
æ§æãããŠããŸããã
<p>
Debian 2.0 <em>Hamm</em> (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-bank in the movie.
This was the first multi-architecture release of Debian, adding support for
the Motorola 68000 series architectures. With Ian Jackson as Project Leader,
this release made the transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages
maintained by over 400 developers.
Debian 2.0 <em>Hamm</em> (1998 幎 7 æ 24 æ¥): æ ç»ã«ç»å Žããè±ã®è²¯éç®±ãã
åä»ããããŸãããè€æ°ã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããæåã® Debian ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ã
Motorola 68000 ã·ãªãŒãºã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£å¯Ÿå¿ãå ãããŸãããIan Jackson ããã
ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒãšããlibc6 ãžã®ç§»è¡ãæãããŸããããã㊠400 人以äžã®
éçºè
ã«ãã 1500 å以äžã®ããã±ãŒãžããæ§æãããŠããŸããã
<p>
Debian 2.1 <em>Slink</em> (March 9th, 1999): Named for the slinky-dog in the
movie. Two more architectures were added,
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/" name="Alpha">
and
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/" name="SPARC">.
With Wichert Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about
2250 packages and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical
innovation was the introduction of <prgn>apt</prgn>, a new package management
interface. Widely emulated, apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's
continuing growth, and established a new paradigm for package acquisition and
installation on Open Source operating systems.
Debian 2.1 <em>Slink</em> (1999 幎 3 æ 9 æ¥): æ ç»ã«ç»å Žãããããããã
ç¬ããåä»ããããŸãããããã« 2 çš®é¡ã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãè¿œå ãããŸããã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/" name="Alpha"> ãš
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/" name="SPARC"> ã§ãã
Wichert Akkerman ããããããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããšããçŽ 2250 åã®ããã±ãŒãžãã
æ§æãããŠããŸãããå
¬åŒã®ã»ããã§ã¯ CD 2 æãå¿
èŠãšããŸãããäž»èŠãªæè¡
é©æ°ã¯ãæ°ããããã±ãŒãžç®¡çã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§ãã <prgn>apt</prgn> ã®å°å
¥
ã§ãããapt ã¯å¹
åºãç䌌ãããŸããããDebian ãæé·ããŠããããšããçãã
åé¡ã«åãçµã¿ããªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã äžã§ã®ããã±ãŒãžã®
ååŸãšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã«æ°ãããã©ãã€ã ã確ç«ããŸããã
<p>
Debian 2.2 <em>Potato</em> (15 August 2000): Named for "Mr Potato Head" in
the movie. This release added support for the
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/" name="PowerPC">
and
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/arm/" name="ARM">
architectures. With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this release
consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 source
packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers.
Debian 2.2 <em>Potato</em> (2000 幎 8 æ 15 æ¥): æ ç»ã«ç»å Žãã
ãMr Potato Headãããåä»ããããŸããã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/" name="PowerPC"> ãš
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/arm/" name="ARM">
ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ãè¿œå ãããŸãããWichert ãããåŒãç¶ããããžã§ã¯ã
ãªãŒããåãã450 人以äžã® Debian éçºè
ã«ãã£ãŠä¿å®ããã 2600 å以äžã®
ãœãŒã¹ããã±ãŒãžãå
ã«ããã3900 å以äžã®ãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžããæ§æãããŠ
ããŸããã
<!-- (jfs) Is this too long? I do not see the number of binary/source
packages in the release notes, also the number of DD could be revised -->
<p>
Debian 3.0 <em>Woody</em> (19 July 2002): Named for the main character
in the movie: "Woody" the cowboy.
Even more architectures were added in this release:
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/" name="IA-64">,
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/hppa/" name="HP PA-RISC">,
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/mips/" name="MIPS (big endian)">,
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/" name="MIPS (little endian)">
and
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/s390/" name="S/390">. This is
also the first release to include cryptographic software due to the
restrictions for exportation being <em>lightened</em> in the US, and
also the first one to include KDE, now that the license issues with QT were
resolved.
With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, and more than 900
Debian developers, this release contained around 8500 binary
packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set.
### exportation being <em>lightened</em> in the US ã®èš³ãèªä¿¡ç¡ãã
Debian 3.0 <em>Woody</em> (2002 幎 7 æ 19 æ¥): æ ç»ã®äž»äººå
¬ã§ãã
ã«ãŠããŒã€ã®ãWoodyãããåä»ããããŸãããããã«å€ãã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£
察å¿ãè¿œå ãããŠããããã®å
èš³ã¯
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/" name="IA-64">ã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/hppa/" name="HP PA-RISC">ã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/mips/" name="MIPS (ããã°ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³)">ã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/" name="MIPS (ãªãã«ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³)">ã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/s390/" name="S/390"> ãªã©ã§ãã
ãŸããç±³åœå
ã§<em>æããã«ãªã£ã</em>茞åºå¶éã®ããã«æå·åãœãããŠã§ã¢ã
åé²ããæåã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ãããä»ã§ã¯ Qt ãšã®ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹åé¡ã解決ããŠãã
KDE ãæåã«åé²ãããªãªãŒã¹ã§ããããŸãã
æè¿ãŸã§ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒãåãã Bdale Garbee ãããš 900 人以äžã®
Debian éçºè
ã«ããã8500 å以äžã®ããã±ãŒãžãåé²ãããå
¬åŒã®ã»ããã¯
7 æã®ãã€ã㪠CD ã§æ§æãããŠããŸããã
<p>
Debian 3.1 <em>Sarge</em> (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant of
the Green Plastic Army Men. No new architectures were added to the
release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same
time and distributed through the new <url
id="http://alioth.debian.org" name="Alioth project hosting site">.
This release features a new installer:
<em>debian-installer</em>, a modular piece of software that feature
automatic hardware detection, unattended installation features and was
released fully translated to over thirty languages. It was also the
first release to include a full ofimatic suite: OpenOffice.org.
Branden Robinson had just been appointed Project Leader, and more than
1600 Debian developers, this release contained around 15400 binary
packages and 14 binary CDs in the official set.
### ofimatic ãšã¯äœãã??? ã°ã°ããšçµæ§åŒã£ãããã...
Debian 3.1 <em>Sarge</em> (2005 幎 6 æ 6 æ¥): ç·è²ããããã©ã¹ããã¯
å
µå£«ã®è»æ¹ããåä»ããããŸããã察å¿ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®æ°èŠè¿œå ã¯ãããŸãããã
éå
¬åŒãª AMD64 移æ€çãåæã«çºè¡šãããæ°ããçãŸãã<url
id="http://alioth.debian.org" name="Alioth ãããžã§ã¯ããéçšãããµã€ã">ã
éããŠé
åžãããŸãããæ°ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã§ãã <em>debian-installer</em> ã
åããŠããŸããããã¯ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã®èªåæ€åºãç¡äººã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãšãã£ãæ©èœã
åããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åŒã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ã30 ã¶åœä»¥äžã®èšèªã«å®å
šã«ç¿»èš³ãããŠ
ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸããããŸããå®å
šãª ofimatic ã¹ã€ãŒãã§ãã OpenOffice.org ã
åé²ããæåã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ãããããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒã«éžåºãããã°ããã®
Branden Robinson ãããš 1600 人以äžã® Debian éçºè
ã«ãããããã 15400 å
以äžã®ããã±ãŒãžãåé²ãããå
¬åŒã®ã»ãã㯠14 æã®ãã€ã㪠CD ã§æ§æãããŠ
ããŸããã
</chapt>
<chapt id="detailed">A Detailed History
<chapt id="detailed">詳现ãªæŽå²
<sect>The 0.x Releases
<sect>0.x ãªãªãŒã¹
<p>
Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, then an undergraduate
at Purdue University. Debian was sponsored by the GNU Project of <url
id="http://www.fsf.org/" name="The Free Software Foundation">, the
organization started by Richard Stallman and associated with the
General Public License (GPL), for one year -- from November 1994 to
November 1995.
Debian ã¯ãåœæ Purdue 倧åŠã®åŠéšåšæ ¡çã§ãã£ã Ian Murdock ããã«ãã£ãŠ
1993 幎 8 æã«çãŸããŸãããDebian ã¯ã
<url id="http://www.fsf.org/" name="ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢è²¡å£">
(Richard Stallman ããã«ãã£ãŠåµãããå£äœã§ãäžè¬å
¬è¡å©çšèš±è«Ÿå¥çŽæž
(GPL) ãšé¢ä¿ããããŸã) ã® GNU Project ã«ãã£ãŠ 1 幎é -- 1994 幎 11 æ ãã
1995 幎 11 æãŸã§ -- æŽå©ãåããŸããã
<p>
Debian 0.01 through Debian 0.90 were released between August and December
of 1993. Ian Murdock writes:
Debian 0.01 ãã Debian 0.90 ãŸã§ã¯ 1993 幎 8 æãã 12 æãŸã§ã®éã«
ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸãããIan Murdock ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«æžããŠããŸã:
<p>
"Debian 0.91 was released in January 1994. It had a primitive package
system that allowed users to manipulate packages but that did little
else (it certainly didn't have dependencies or anything like that).
By this time, there were a few dozen people working on Debian, though
I was still mostly putting together the releases myself. 0.91 was
the last release done in this way.
ãDebian 0.91 㯠1994 幎 1 æã«ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸãããåå§çãªããã±ãŒãž
ã·ã¹ãã ãåããŠããããŠãŒã¶ã¯ããã±ãŒãžãæãããšãã§ããŸãããããã
以å€ã®ããšã¯ã»ãšãã©äœãã§ããŸããã§ãã (äŸåé¢ä¿ããããã«é¡ããäºã¯
ãŸã£ããååšããŠããŸããã§ãã)ããã®é ã«ã¯ãDebian ã®äœæ¥ãããŠãã人ã
æ°ååããŸãããããŸã ç§èªèº«ã®æã§ãªãªãŒã¹ã®åããŸãšãäœæ¥ã®å€§åãè¡ãªã£ãŠ
ããŸããã0.91 ã¯ããã®ããã«ããŠè¡ãªãããæåŸã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ãã
<p>
Most of 1994 was spent organizing the Debian Project so that others
could more effectively contribute, as well as working on
<prgn>dpkg</prgn> (Ian Jackson was largely responsible for this).
There were no releases to the public in 1994 that I can remember,
though there were several internal releases as we worked to get the
process right.
1994 幎ã®å€§éšåã¯ãä»ã®äººãã¡ãããå¹æçã«è²¢ç®ã§ãããã Debian
ãããžã§ã¯ããçµç¹ããã®ã«ããã㊠<prgn>dpkg</prgn> (ããã«ã€ããŠã¯
䞻㫠Ian Jackson ããã責任ãè² ã£ãŠããŸãã) ã«ã€ããŠäœæ¥ããã®ã«
è²»ããããŸãããç§ãèŠããŠãããããã1994 幎ã«ã¯å
¬åŒãªãªãªãŒã¹ã¯
ãããŸããã§ããããæç¶ããæ£ããããããã®äœæ¥äžã«æ°åã®å
éšãªãªãŒã¹ã
ãããŸããã
<p>
Debian 0.93 Release 5 happened in March 1995 and was the first
"modern" release of Debian: there were many more developers by then
(though I can't remember exactly how many), each maintaining their own
packages, and <prgn>dpkg</prgn> was being used to install and maintain
all these packages after a base system was installed.
Debian 0.93 Release 5 ã 1995 幎 3 æã«çãŸããŸããããã㯠Debian ã®
æåã®ãçŸä»£çãªããªãªãŒã¹ã§ãã: ãã®é ã«ã¯ããã«å€ãã®éçºè
ãããŠ
(æ£ç¢ºã«äœäººãªã®ãèŠããŠããŸããã)ããããããèªåã®ããã±ãŒãžãéçºãã
åºæ¬ã·ã¹ãã ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããåŸã§ããããã¹ãŠã®ããã±ãŒãžãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«
ãããä¿å®ãããããã®ã« <prgn>dpkg</prgn> ã䜿ãããŠããŸããã
<p>
"Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out
release. There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in
0.93R6. If I remember correctly, dselect first appeared in 0.93R6."
Debian 0.93 Release 6 㯠1995 幎 11 æã«çãŸããŸããããã㯠a.out 圢åŒã§ã®
æåŸã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ããã0.93R6 ã§ã¯çŽ 60 人ã®éçºè
ãããã±ãŒãžãéçºããŠ
ããŸãããç§ã®èšæ¶ãæ£ç¢ºãªãã°ãdselect 㯠0.93R6 ã§åããŠç»å ŽããŸããã
<p>
Ian Murdock also notes that Debian 0.93R6 "... has always been my
favorite release of Debian", although he admits to the possibility of
some personal bias, as he stopped actively working on the project in
March 1996 during the pre-production of Debian 1.0, which was actually
released as Debian 1.1 to avoid confusion after a CDROM manufacturer
mistakenly labelled an unreleased version as Debian 1.0. That
incident led to the concept of "official" CDROM images, as a way for
the project to help vendors avoid this kind of mistake.
Ian Murdock ããã¯ã Debian 0.93R6 ã¯ããã€ã§ããç§ã®å€§å¥œã㪠Debian ãªãªãŒã¹
ã ã£ãããšãæžããŠããŸãããå人çãªåèŠãããå¯èœæ§ãèªããŠããŸãããªããªãã
Murdock ãã㯠Debian 1.0 ã®è©Šäœäžã§ãã 1996 幎 3 æã«ããããžã§ã¯ãã§æŽ»å
ããã®ããããŠããããã§ããDebian 1.0 ã¯ãå®éã«ã¯ Debian 1.1 ãšããŠãªãªãŒã¹
ãããŸãããããã¯ãCD-ROM 補é è
ããªãªãŒã¹ãããŠããªãããŒãžã§ã³ã誀ã£ãŠ
Debian 1.0 ãšç§°ããŠããŸã£ãåŸã®æ··ä¹±ãé¿ããããã§ãããã®åºæ¥äºã¯ããã³ãã
ãã®çš®ã®èª€ããé¿ããã®ããããžã§ã¯ããå©ããæ¹æ³ãšããŠã®ãå
¬åŒã®ãCD-ROM
ã€ã¡ãŒãžãšããæŠå¿µã«ã€ãªãããŸããã
<p>
During August 1995 (between Debian 0.93 Release 5 and Debian 0.93
Release 6), Hartmut Koptein started the first port for Debian, for the
Motorola m68k family. He reports that "Many, many packages were
i386-centric (little endian, -m486, -O6 and all for libc4) and it was
a hard time to get a starting base of packages on my machine (an Atari
Medusa 68040, 32 MHz). After three months (in November 1995), I
uploaded 200 packages from 250 available packages, all for libc5!"
Later he started another port together with Vincent Renardias and
Martin Schulze, for the PowerPC family.
1995 幎 8 æ (Debian 0.93 Release 5 ãš Debian 0.93 Release 6 ãšã®é) ã«ã
Hartmut Koptein ããã Motorola m68k ç³»åãžã® Debian ã®æåã®ç§»æ€ãéå§
ããŸãããKoptein ããã¯ããšãŠãå€ãã®ããã±ãŒãžã¯ i386 äžå¿äž»çŸ© (ãªãã«
ãšã³ãã£ã¢ã³ã-m486ã-O6ãlibc4 å°çš) ã§ãèªåã®ãã·ã³ (Atari Medusa 68040, 32 MHz)
äžã«åºçºç¹ãšãªãããã±ãŒãžãããããã®ã«èŠåŽããŸããã3 ãæåŸ (1995 幎
11 æ) ã«ã¯ãå
¥æå¯èœãª 250 åã®ããã±ãŒãžã®ãã¡ 200 åãã¢ããããŒã
ããŸãããããã¹ãŠ libc5 çšã§ãã!ããšå ±åããŠããŸããåŸã« Koptein ããã¯ã
Vincent Renardias ããã Martin Schulze ãããšäžç·ã« PowerPC ç³»åãžã®
移æ€ãã¯ãããŸããã
<p>
Since this time, the Debian Project has grown to include several
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/" name="ports"> to other architectures,
and a port to a new (non-Linux) kernel, the GNU Hurd microkernel.
ãã®é ã«ã¯ãDebian ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯ä»ã®ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ãžã®æ°çš®ã®
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/" name="移æ€ç"> ãšãæ°ãã (Linux ã§ã¯
ãªã) ã«ãŒãã«ãããªãã¡ GNU Hurd ãã€ã¯ãã«ãŒãã«ãžã®ç§»æ€çãå«ããŸã§ã«
æé·ããŠããŸããã
<p>
An early member of the project, Bill Mitchell, remembers the Linux
kernel
åæã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã¡ã³ããŒã§ãã Bill Mitchell ããã¯ãLinux ã«ãŒãã«ã«
ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«åæ³ããŠããŸãã
<p>
"... being between 0.99r8 and 0.99r15 when we got started. For a long
time, I could build the kernel in less than 30 minutes on a 20 Mhz
386-based machine, and could also do a Debian install in that same
amount of time in under 10Mb of disk space.
ã...Debian ãçãŸãããšã㯠0.99r8 ãš 0.99r15 ã®éã§ãããé·ãéã
ç§ã¯ 20 Mhz ã® 386 ããŒã¹ãªãã·ã³äžã§ã«ãŒãã«ã 30 å以å
ã«æ§ç¯ããããšã
ã§ããŸããããããŠåãæéã§ãDebian ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã 10MB æªæºã®ãã£ã¹ã¯
ã¹ããŒã¹ã«è¡ãªãããšãã§ããŸããã
<p>
" ... I recall the initial group as including Ian Murdock, myself,
Ian Jackson, another Ian who's surname I don't recall, Dan Quinlan, and some
other people who's names I don't recall. Matt Welsh was either part of the
initial group or joined pretty early on (he has since left the project).
Someone set up a mailing list, and we were off and running.
... Ian Murdock ãããç§ãIan Jackson ãããèåãæãåºããªãå¥ã® Ian ããã
Dan Quinlan ããããããŠååãæãåºããªãä»ã®äººãã¡ãæåã®ã°ã«ãŒããšããŠ
èŠããŠããŸããMatt Welsh ããã¯æåã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®äžéšããããªãæ©ã段éã§
åå ããŸãã (ãã®åŸããããžã§ã¯ãããé¢ããŸãã)ã誰ããã¡ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¹ãã
çšæããç§ãã¡ã¯ããŸããã£ãŠããŸããã
<p>
As I recall, we didn't start off with a plan, and we didn't start off by
putting together a plan in any highly organized fashion. Right from the
start, I do recall, we started off collecting up sources for a pretty random
collection of packages. Over time, we came to focus on a collection of items
which would be required to put together the core of a distribution:
the kernel, a shell, update, getty, various other programs and support
files needed to init the system, and a set of core utilities."
æãåºãããããã§ã¯ãç§ãã¡ã¯èšç»ãç«ãŠãŠããå§ããããã§ã¯ãªãã
èšç»ãé«åºŠã«çµç¹åããã圢ã«ãŸãšããŠããå§ããããã§ããããŸããã§ããã
ããã¯ã¯ã£ããæãåºããŸãããç§ãã¡ã¯éå§çŽåŸãããããã±ãŒãžã®ãŸã£ãã
ç¡äœçºãªã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãäœãããã®ãœãŒã¹ãéãã¯ãããŸãããæéããã€ã«ã€ãã
ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®äžæ žããŸãšããããã«å¿
èŠãªãã®ãéããã®ã«å°å¿µãã
ããã«ãªããŸãã: ã«ãŒãã«ãã·ã§ã«ãupdateãgettyãã·ã¹ãã ãåæåããã®ã«
å¿
èŠãªãã®ä»ã®ããŸããŸãªããã°ã©ã ããµããŒããã¡ã€ã«ããããŠäžæ žãšãªã
ãŠãŒãã£ãªãã£äžåŒã§ãã
<sect1>The Early Debian Packaging System
<sect1>åæã® Debian ããã±ãŒãžã·ã¹ãã
<p>
At the very early stages of the Project, members considered distributing
source-only packages. Each package would consist of the upstream source
code and a Debianized patch file, and users would untar the sources, apply
the patches, and compile binaries themselves. They soon realized, however,
that some sort of binary distribution scheme would be needed. The earliest
packaging tool, written by Ian Murdock and called <prgn>dpkg</prgn>,
created a package in a Debian-specific binary format, and could be used
later to unpack and install the files in the package.
ãããžã§ã¯ãã®ããåæã®æ®µéã§ã¯ãã¡ã³ããŒã¯ãœãŒã¹ã®ã¿ã®ããã±ãŒãžã
é
åžããããšãèããŸãããåããã±ãŒãžã¯äžæµã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããš Debian åããã
ããããã¡ã€ã«ããæ§æããããŠãŒã¶ã¯ãœãŒã¹ã解åããããããåœãŠãèªåã§
ãã€ããªãã³ã³ãã€ã«ããããã§ããããããããã«ããã€ãªé
åžã®ããã®äœããã®
ä»çµã¿ãå¿
èŠã ãšæ°ãã€ããŸãããIan Murdock ããã«ãã£ãŠæžããã
<prgn>dpkg</prgn> ãšåŒã°ããæåã®ããã±ãŒãžåããŒã«ã¯ãDebian ç¹æã®ãã€ããª
圢åŒã§ããã±ãŒãžãäœæããŸãããããã«åŸã§å±éããŠãããã±ãŒãžå
ã®ãã¡ã€ã«ã
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã®ã«ã䜿ããŸããã
<p>
Ian Jackson soon took over the development of the packaging tool, renaming
the tool itself <prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> and writing a front-end program he named
<prgn>dpkg</prgn> to facilitate the use of <prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> and provide the
<em>Dependencies</em> and <em>Conflicts</em> of today's Debian system. The
packages produced by these tools had a header listing the version of the
tool used to create the package and an offset within the file to a
<prgn>tar</prgn>-produced archive, which was separated from the header by some
control information.
Ian Jackson ãããããã«ããã±ãŒãžåããŒã«ã®éçºãåŒãã€ããããŒã«èªäœã®
ååã <prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> ã«å€æŽãã<prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> ã®äœ¿çšã
容æã«ãä»æ¥ã® Debian ã·ã¹ãã ã® <em>äŸå</em> ã <em>競å</em>ãæäŸãã
ããã® <prgn>dpkg</prgn> ãšåä»ããããããã³ããšã³ãããã°ã©ã ãæžããŸããã
ãããã®ããŒã«ã«ãã£ãŠäœãããããã±ãŒãžã«ã¯ããã®ããã±ãŒãžãäœãã®ã«äœ¿ããã
ããŒã«ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã瀺ãããããããã<prgn>tar</prgn> ã«ãã£ãŠäœããã
ã¢ãŒã«ã€ã (å¶åŸ¡æ
å ±ã«ãã£ãŠããããšã¯åããããŠããŸãã) ãžã®ãªãã»ããã
ãã¡ã€ã«å
ã«ãããŸããã
<p>
At about this time some debate arose between members of the project --
some felt that the Debian-specific format created by
<prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> should be dropped in favor of the format
produced by the <prgn>ar</prgn> program. After several revised file
formats and correspondingly-revised packaging tools, the
<prgn>ar</prgn> format was adopted. The key value of this change is
that it makes it possible for a Debian package to be un-packaged on
any Unix-like system without the need to run an untrusted executable.
In other words, only standard tools present on every Unix system like
'ar' and 'tar' are required to unpack a Debian binary package and
examine the contents.
ããããã®é ããããžã§ã¯ãã¡ã³ããŒéã§è«äºããããŸãã -- <prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn>
ã«ãã£ãŠäœããã Debian ç¹æã®ãã©ãŒãããã¯ã<prgn>ar</prgn> ããã°ã©ã ã«
ãã£ãŠäœããã圢åŒã«åã£ãŠä»£ããããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãããšæã£ã人ãããŸããã
äœåºŠããã¡ã€ã«åœ¢åŒãå€æŽãããããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããã±ãŒãžåããŒã«ãå€æŽããã
åŸã§ã<prgn>ar</prgn> 圢åŒãæ¡çšãããŸããããã®å€æŽã®éµãšãªã䟡å€ã¯ããããã
Unix 䌌ãªã·ã¹ãã äžã§ãä¿¡é Œã§ããªãå®è¡åœ¢åŒãèµ°ãããå¿
èŠãªãã« Debian
ããã±ãŒãžãå±éã§ããããã«ãªã£ããšããããšã§ããèšããããã°ã'ar' ã
'tar' ãšãã£ããã¹ãŠã® Unix ã·ã¹ãã ã«åãã£ãŠããæšæºçãªããŒã«ããããã°ã
Debian ãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžãå±éãäžèº«ã調ã¹ãããšãã§ãããšããããšã§ãã
</sect1>
<sect>The 1.x Releases
<sect>1.x ãªãªãŒã¹
<p>
When Ian Murdock left Debian, he appointed Bruce Perens as the next
leader of the project. Bruce first became interested in Debian while
he was attempting to create a Linux distribution CD to be called "Linux
for Hams", which would include all of the Linux software useful to ham
radio operators. Finding that the Debian core system would require
much further work to support his project, Bruce ended up working
heavily on the base Linux system and related installation tools,
postponing his ham radio distribution, including organizing (with Ian
Murdock) the first set of Debian install scripts, eventually resulting
in today's Debian Rescue Floppy.
Ian Murdock ããã Debian ãé¢ãããšããMurdock ãã㯠Bruce Perens ããã
次ã®ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒã«æåããŸãããBruce ããã Debian ã«æåã«èå³ã
æ±ããã®ã¯ããã ç¡ç·ãªãã¬ãŒã¿ã®åœ¹ã«ç«ã€ Linux ãœãããŠã§ã¢ããã¹ãŠå«ã
ãLinux for Hamsããšããåã® Linuxãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ CD ãäœãããšããŠ
ãããšãã§ãããèªåã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããã«ã¯ãDebian ã®äžæ žã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¯
ãã£ãšäœæ¥ãå¿
èŠãªããšãå€ããBruce ããã¯èªåã®ãã ç¡ç·ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã
延æããŠã(Ian Murdock ãããšãšãã«) æåã® Debian ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã¹ã¯ãªããäžåŒ
(ä»æ¥ã® Debian ã¬ã¹ãã¥ãŒãããããŒã«ãªããŸãã) ãçµç¹åããããšãå«ãã
åºæ¬ç㪠Linux ã·ã¹ãã ãšé¢é£ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŒã«ã®äœæ¥ã«ã®ããããããã«
ãªããŸããã
<p>
Ian Murdock states:
Ian Murdock ããã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããŸã:
<p>
"Bruce was the natural choice to succeed me, as he had been maintaining the
base system for nearly a year, and he had been picking up the slack as the
amount of time I could devote to Debian declined rapidly."
ãBruce ããã¯ç§ã®åŸç¶è
ãšããŠèªç¶ãªéžæã§ããããªããªã圌㯠1 幎è¿ããã®é
åºæ¬ã·ã¹ãã ãéçºããŠããŠãç§ã Debian ã«æäŸã§ããæéãæ¥éã«æžã£ãŠããã«
ã€ããŠåŒãã éšåãæŸããããŠãã£ãããã§ãã
<p>
He initiated several important facets of the project, including
coordinating the effort to produce the Debian Free Software Guidelines
and the Debian Social Contract, and the initiation of The Open Hardware Project.
During his time as Project Leader, Debian gained market share and a
reputation as a platform for serious, technically-capable Linux users.
Bruce ãã㯠Debian ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³ãš Debian 瀟äŒå¥çŽãäœã
ããã®åŽåããŸãšããããšããŸããªãŒãã³ããŒããŠã§ã¢ãããžã§ã¯ãã®åµèšãå«ã
ãããžã§ã¯ãã®éèŠãªåŽé¢ãå§ããŸãããBruce ããããããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒã
åããéã«ãDebian ã¯åžå Žã·ã§ã¢ãšããŸããã§ãåªããæè¡ãæ〠Linux ãŠãŒã¶ã®
ããã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãšããŠã®å声ãç²åŸããŸããã
<p>
Bruce Perens also spearheaded the effort to create <url
id="http://www.spi-inc.org/" name="Software in the Public Interest,
Inc.">. Originally intended to provide the Debian Project with a
legal entity capable of accepting donations, its aims quickly expanded
to include supporting free software projects outside the Debian
Project.
Bruce Perens ããã¯ãŸãã<url
id="http://www.spi-inc.org/" name="Software in the Public Interest,
Inc."> ãèšç«ããåªåã®å
é ã«ãç«ã¡ãŸãããããšããšã¯ Debian ãããžã§ã¯ãã«
å¯ä»ãåããããããšãã§ããæ³äººæ ŒãæäŸããããšãçãã§ãããã
ãã®ç®ç㯠Debian ãããžã§ã¯ã以å€ã®ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ãããžã§ã¯ãã
æ¯æŽããããšãå«ãããã«ããŸããªãæ¡å€§ãããŸããã
<p>
The following Debian versions were released during this time:
ãã®é ã次㮠Debian ããŒãžã§ã³ããªãªãŒã¹ãããŸãã:
<p>
<list>
<item>1.1 <em>Buzz</em> released June 1996 (474 packages, 2.0 kernel, fully ELF, <prgn>dpkg</prgn>)
<item>1.2 <em>Rex</em> released December 1996 (848 packages, 120 developers)
<item>1.3 <em>Bo</em> released July 1997 (974 packages, 200 developers)
</list>
<list>
<item>1.1 <em>Buzz</em> 1996 幎 6 æãªãªãŒã¹ (474 åã®ããã±ãŒãžã2.0 ã«ãŒãã«ãELF 圢åŒã®ã¿ã<prgn>dpkg</prgn>)
<item>1.2 <em>Rex</em> 1996 幎 12 æãªãªãŒã¹ (848 åã®ããã±ãŒãžã120 人ã®éçºè
)
<item>1.3 <em>Bo</em> 1997 幎 7 æãªãªãŒã¹ (974 åã®ããã±ãŒãžã200 人ã®éçºè
)
</list>
<p>
There were several interim "point" releases made to 1.3, with the last being
1.3.1R6.
1.3 ã«ã¯äžéã®ããã€ã³ãããªãªãŒã¹ãäœåãè¡ãªãããŸããããã®æåŸã¯ 1.3.1R6 ã§ãã
<p>
Bruce Perens was replaced by
Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader at the beginning of January,
1998, after leading the project much of the way through the
preparation for the 2.0 release.
Bruce Perens ãã㯠2.0 ãªãªãŒã¹ãæºåããéçšã§å€ãã®ææ³ã«ãã
ãããžã§ã¯ããçããåŸã 1998 幎 1 æåãã« Debian ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒã®
è·ã Ian Jackson ããã«åŒãç¶ããŸãããã
</sect>
<sect>The 2.x Releases
<sect>2.x ãªãªãŒã¹
<p>
Ian Jackson became the Leader of the Debian Project at the beginning
of 1998, and was shortly thereafter added to the board of Software in
the Public Interest in the capacity of Vice President. After the
resignation of the Treasurer (Tim Sailer), President (Bruce Perens),
and Secretary (Ian Murdock), he became President of the Board and
three new members were chosen: Martin Schulze (Vice President), Dale
Scheetz (Secretary), and Nils Lohner (Treasurer).
### secretary = æžèšå® or ç§æž?
Ian Jackson ããã¯ã1998 幎åãã« Debian ãããžã§ã¯ãã®ãªãŒããŒã«å°±ä»»
ãŸããããã®çŽåŸãSoftware in the Public Interest ã®åç· åœ¹äŒã«å¯ç€Ÿé·ãšããŠ
è¿ããããŸããã財åæ
åœ (Tim Sailer)ãç€Ÿé· (Bruce Perens) ãããŠæžèšå®
(Ian Murdock) ãèŸä»»ããåŸãJackson ããã¯ç€Ÿé·ã«ãªãã3 人ã®æ°ã¡ã³ããŒã
éžã°ããŸãã: Martin Schulze (å¯ç€Ÿé·)ãDale Scheetz (æžèšå®)ããããŠ
Nils Lohner (財åæ
åœ) ã§ãã
<p>
Debian 2.0 (<em>Hamm</em>) was released July 1998 for the Intel i386
and Motorola 68000 series architectures. This release marked the move
to a new version of the system C libraries (glibc2 or for historical
reasons libc6). At the time of release, there were 1500+ packages
maintained by more than 400 Debian developers.
Debian 2.0 (<em>Hamm</em>) ã¯ã1998 幎 7 æã« Intel i386 ããã³ Motorola 68000
ç³»åã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£åãã«ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸããããã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã C
ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®æ°ããŒãžã§ã³ (glibc2ãæŽå²çãªçç±ãã libc6 ãšãåŒã°ããŠããŸã)
ãžã®ç§»è¡ãæãããŸããããªãªãŒã¹æç¹ã§ã¯ã400 人以äžã® Debian éçºè
ã«ãã£ãŠ
ä¿å®ããã 1500 å以äžã®ããã±ãŒãžããããŸããã
<p>
Wichert Akkerman succeeded Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader in January
of 1999. <url id="http://www.debian.org/releases/slink/" name="Debian 2.1">
was <url id="http://www.debian.org/News/1999/19990309" name="released"> on
09 March, 1999, after being delayed by a week when a few last-minute
issues arose.
1999 幎 1 æãWichert Akkerman ããã Ian Jackson ãããã Debian
ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒãè·ãåŒãç¶ããŸããã
<url id="http://www.debian.org/releases/slink/" name="Debian 2.1">
ã¯æçµæ®µéã§ããã€ãã®åé¡ãèµ·ããããã1 é±éé
ã㧠1999 幎 3 æ 9 æ¥ã«
<url id="http://www.debian.org/News/1999/19990309" name="ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸãã">ã
<p>
Debian 2.1 (<em>Slink</em>) featured official support for two new architectures:
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/" name="Alpha">
and <url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/" name="Sparc">. The
X-Windows packages included with Debian 2.1 were greatly reorganized
from previous releases, and 2.1 included <prgn>apt</prgn>, the
next-generation Debian package manager interface. Also, this release
of Debian was the first to require 2 CD-ROMs for the "Official Debian
CD set"; the distribution included about 2250 packages.
Debian 2.1 (<em>Slink</em>) 㯠2 çš®é¡ã®æ°ããã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã«å
¬åŒå¯Ÿå¿ããŠããŸãã:
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/" name="Alpha">
ãš <url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/" name="Sparc"> ã§ãã
Debian 2.1 ã«åé²ããã X-Windows ããã±ãŒãžã¯ä»¥åã®ãªãªãŒã¹ãã
倧ããåç·šããããŸã 2.1 ã¯æ¬¡äžä»£ã® Debian ããã±ãŒãžç®¡çã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ã€ã¹ã§ã
<prgn>apt</prgn> ãåé²ããŠããŸãããããã«ããã® Debian ãªãªãŒã¹ã¯ãå
¬åŒ
Debian CD ã»ãããã« 2 æã® CD-ROM ãå¿
èŠãšãªãåããŠã® Debian ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ãã;
çŽ 2250 åã®ããã±ãŒãžãåé²ãããŠããŸããã
<p>
On 21 April 1999, <url id="http://www.corel.com/" name="Corel
Corporation"> and the
<url id="http://www.kde.org/" name="K Desktop Project">
effectively formed an alliance with Debian when Corel announced it's
intentions to release a Linux distribution based on Debian and the
desktop environment produced by the KDE group. During the following
spring and summer months, another Debian-based distribution,
Storm Linux, appeared, and the Debian Project chose a new <url
id="http://www.debian.org/logos/" name="logo">, featuring both an
Official version for use on Debian-sanctioned materials such as
CD-ROMs and official Project websites, and an Unofficial logo for use
on material mentioning or derived from Debian.
1999 幎 4 æ 21 æ¥ãCorel ã Debian ããã³ KDE ã°ã«ãŒãã«ãã£ãŠäœããã
ãã¹ã¯ãããç°å¢ãå
ã«ãã Linux ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ããªãªãŒã¹ãã
èšç»ã ãšçºè¡šããæã<url id="http://www.corel.com/" name="Corel
Corporation"> ãš <url id="http://www.kde.org/" name="K ãã¹ã¯ããã
ãããžã§ã¯ã">ã Debian ãšäºå®äžã®åçãçµæããŸããããã®æ¥ãšå€ã®éã
ãŸãå¥ã® Debian ããŒã¹ãªãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãã Storm Linux ãåºçŸãã
Debian ãããžã§ã¯ã㯠CD-ROM ãå
¬åŒãããžã§ã¯ããŠã§ããµã€ããšãã£ã Debian
å
¬èªã®ç©åã§äœ¿ãããã®å
¬åŒããŒãžã§ã³ãšãDebian ã«èšåãããç±æ¥ããç©åã§
䜿ãããã®éå
¬åŒããŽãããªãæ°ãã<url
id="http://www.debian.org/logos/" name="ããŽ">ãæ¡æããŸããã
<p>
A new, unique, Debian port also began at this time, for the <url
id="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/" name="Hurd"> port. This is the
first port to use a non-Linux kernel, instead using the <url
id="http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html" name="GNU Hurd">, a
version of the GNU Mach microkernel.
æ°ãããç¬ç¹ãª Debian 移æ€çãå§ãŸã£ãã®ããã®é ã§ããããªãã¡
<url id="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/" name="Hurd"> ãžã®ç§»æ€çã§ãã
ãã㯠Linux 以å€ã®ã«ãŒãã«ã䜿ãåããŠã®ç§»æ€çã§ããããã« GNU Mach
ãã€ã¯ãã«ãŒãã«ã®äžçš®ã§ãã <url
id="http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html" name="GNU Hurd"> ã
䜿ã£ãŠããŸãã
<!-- (jfs) talk about Progeny? and other Debian-derived distributions
like Libranet, Stormix... ?-->
<p>
Debian 2.2 (<em>Potato</em>) was released August 15th, 2000 for the
Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC and ARM
architectures. This is the first release including PowerPC and ARM
ports. At the time of release, there were 3900+ binary and 2600+
source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers.
Debian 2.2 (<em>Potato</em>) ã¯ã2000 幎 8 æ 15 æ¥ã« Intel i386ã
Motorola 68000 ã·ãªãŒãºãalpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC ãã㊠ARM
ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£åãã«ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸããããã㯠PowerPC ãš ARM ãžã®
移æ€çãå«ãåããŠã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ãããã®ãªãªãŒã¹æç¹ã§ã¯ã450 人以äžã®
Debian éçºè
ã«ãã£ãŠä¿å®ããã 3900 å以äžã®ãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžãšã
2600 å以äžã®ãœãŒã¹ããã±ãŒãžããããŸããã
<p>
An interesting fact about Debian 2.2 is that it showed how
an free software effort could lead to a modern operating system despite
all the issues around it. This was studied thoroughly by a group of interest
in an article called <url id="http://people.debian.org/~jgb/debian-counting/"
name="Counting potatoes"> quoting from this article:
Debian 2.2 ã«ã€ããŠèå³æ·±ãäºå®ã¯ãããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ããããããå°é£ã«ã
ããããããçŸä»£çãªãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãçã¿åºããããšã瀺ããããšã§ãã
ãã®ããšã¯ãé¢å¿ãæ±ããã°ã«ãŒãã«ãã
<url id="http://people.debian.org/~jgb/debian-counting/" name="Counting potatoes">
ãšããèšäºã®äžã§è©³çŽ°ã«ç 究ãããŸãããåèšäºããåŒçšããŸã:
<p>
<em> "[...] we use David A. Wheeler's sloccount system to determine
the number of physical source lines of code (SLOC) of Debian 2.2 (aka
potato). We show that Debian 2.2 includes more than 55,000,000
physical SLOC (almost twice than Red Hat 7.1, released about 8 months
later), showing that the Debian development model (based on the work
of a large group of voluntary developers spread around the world) is
at least as capable as other development methods [...] It is also
shown that if Debian had been developed using traditional proprietary
methods, the COCOMO model estimates that its cost would be close to
$1.9 billion USD to develop Debian 2.2. In addition, we offer both an
analysis of the programming languages used in the distribution (C
amounts for about 70%, C++ for about 10%, LISP and Shell are around
5%, with many others to follow), and the largest packages (Mozilla,
the Linux kernel, PM3, XFree86, etc.)"</em>
<em>ã[...] æã
㯠David A. Wheeler äœã® sloccount ã·ã¹ãã ã䜿ãã
Debian 2.2 (å¥å potato) ã®ææãªã³ãŒãã®ãœãŒã¹è¡æ° (SLOC) ã枬å®ããã
Debian 2.2 ã«ã¯ã(çŽ 8 ã¶æåŸã«ãªãªãŒã¹ããã Red Hat 7.1 ã®ã»ãŒåã«
ããã) 55,000,000 è¡ä»¥äžã®ææ㪠SLOC ãããã(äžçäžã«æ£ãã°ã£ãŠãã
ãã©ã³ãã£ã¢ã®éçºè
ãããªã巚倧ãªã°ã«ãŒãã®äœæ¥ãå
ã«ãã) Debian ã®
éçºã¢ãã«ã¯ãå°ãªããšãä»ã®éçºææ³ã«å¹æµã¯ããããšã瀺ãããŠãã [...]
ãŸãããã Debian ãäŒçµ±çãªãããã©ã€ãšã¿ãªãªææ³ã䜿ã£ãŠéçºãããŠ
ãããªããCOCOMO ã¢ãã«ã§èŠç©ã£ã Debian 2.2 ã®éçºã³ã¹ã㯠19 åç±³ãã«
è¿ãã«ããªãã§ãããããšã瀺ãããŠãããããã«æã
ã¯ãDebian 2.2 ã§
䜿ãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèª (C ãçŽ 70%ãC++ ãçŽ 10%ãLisp ãšã·ã§ã«ã
ãããã 5%ããã®ä»å€§å¢ãããšã«ç¶ã) ãšã倧èŠæš¡ãªããã±ãŒãž (Mozillaã
Linux ã«ãŒãã«ãPM3ãXFree86ããã®ä») ã«é¢ããåæãæäŸããã</em>
</sect>
<sect>The 3.x Releases
<sect>3.x ãªãªãŒã¹
<p>
Before woody could even begin to be prepared for release, a change to
the archive system on ftp-master had to be made. Package pools, which
enabled special purpose distributions, such as the new "Testing"
distribution used for the first time to get woody ready for release,
were <url
id="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html"
name="activated on ftp-master"> in mid December 2000. A package pool
is just a collection of different versions of a given package, from
which multiple distributions (currently experimental, unstable,
testing, and stable) can draw packages, which are then included in
that distribution's Packages file.
woody ããªãªãŒã¹ã®æºåã«åãããããããã«ãªãåã«ãftp-master äžã®
ã¢ãŒã«ã€ãã·ã¹ãã ã«å€æŽãå ããããªããã°ãªããŸããã§ãããwoody ã®
ãªãªãŒã¹ãæºåããããã«åããŠäœ¿ãããæ°ãã "ãã¹ãç" ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³
ãšãã£ããç¹å¥ãªç®çã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå¯èœã«ããããã±ãŒãž
ããŒã«ãã2000 幎 12 æåã°ã«<url
id="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html"
name="ftp-master äžã§çšŒåãå§ããŸãã">ãããã±ãŒãžããŒã«ã¯æ¢åããã±ãŒãž
ã®ç°ãªãããŒãžã§ã³ãéãããã®ã«ããããè€æ°ã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³
(çŸåšã®ãšãã experimentalãäžå®å®çããã¹ãçãå®å®ç) ã¯ãããã
ããã±ãŒãžãååŸããããšãã§ããåã
ã® Packages ãã¡ã€ã«ã«åé²ãããŸãã
<p>
At the same time a new distribution
<em>testing</em> was introduced. Mainly, packages from unstable that
are said to be stable moved to testing (after a period of a few weeks).
This was introduced in order to reduce freeze time and give the project
the ability to prepare a new release at any time.
åæã«<em>ãã¹ãç</em>ãšããæ°ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå°å
¥ãããŸãããäž»ã«ã
äžå®å®çã®äžã§å®å®ããŠãããšæãããããã±ãŒãžã (æ°é±éåŸã«) ãã¹ãçã«
移ãããŸãããã¹ãçå°å
¥ã®ç®çã¯ãããªãŒãºæéã®ççž®ãšããããžã§ã¯ãã
ãã€ã§ãæ°ãªãªãŒã¹ã®æºåãè¡ãªããããã«ããããšã§ãã
<p>
In that period, some of the companies that were shipping modified
versions of Debian closed down. Corel sold
its Linux division in the first quarter of 2001,
Stormix declared bankruptcy on January 17th 2001, and Progeny
ceased development of its distribution on October 1st, 2001.
ãã®æéã«ãDebian ã®ã¢ãã£ãã¡ã€çãåºè·ããŠããäŒæ¥ã®ããã€ããã
æ¶ããŠãªããªããŸãããCorel 㯠2001 幎ã®ç¬¬ 1 ååæã« å瀟㮠Linux
éšéã売åŽããStormix 㯠2001 幎 1 æ 17 æ¥ã«ç Žç£ã宣åããProgeny
㯠2001 幎 10 æ 1 æ¥ã«å瀟補ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºãåæ¢ããŸããã
<p>The freeze for the next release started on July 1st 2001. However,
it took the project a little more than a year to get to the next
release, due to <url
id="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/msg00004.html"
name="problems in boot-floppies">,
because of the introduction of cryptographic software in the main archive
and due to the changes in the underlying architecture
(the incoming archive and the security architecture). In that time, however,
the stable release (Debian 2.2) was revised up to seven times, and two
Project Leaders were elected: Ben Collins (in 2001) and Bdale Garbee.
Also, work in many areas of Debian besides packaging kept growing,
including internationalization, Debian's web site (over a thousand
webpages) was translated into over 20 different languages, and installation
for the next release was ready in 23 languages. Two internal projects:
Debian Junior (for children) and Debian Med (for medical practice
and research) started during the woody release time frame
providing the project with different focuses to make Debian
suitable for those tasks.
次æãªãªãŒã¹ãžåããããªãŒãºã¯ã2001 幎 6 æ 1 æ¥ã«å§ãŸããŸãããããã
ãªããããããžã§ã¯ãã次æãªãªãŒã¹ãå®æããããŸã§ã«ã¯ããããã 1 幎匷
ã®æéãèŠããã®ã§ãããã®çç±ã¯<url
id="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/msg00004.html"
name="èµ·åããããã®åé¡">ããmain ã¢ãŒã«ã€ããžã®æå·åãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®
å°å
¥ããããžã§ã¯ãã®æ ¹åºã«ããã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®å€æŽ (incoming ã¢ãŒã«ã€ããš
ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£) ãªã©ã§ãããããããã®æéã«ãå®å®çãªãªãŒã¹
(Debian 2.2) 㯠7 床ãæ¹èšãããBen Collins ãã (2001 幎) ãš Bdale Garbee
ãããšãã 2 人ã®ãããžã§ã¯ããªãŒããŒãéžåºãããŸãããããã«ãããã±ãŒãžå
以å€ã«ã Debian é¢é£ã®å€ãã®äœæ¥ã¯æé·ãç¶ããŸããããã®äžã«ã¯åœéåãå«ãŸ
ããŠããã(1000 以äžã®ããŒãžããã) Debian ã®ãŠã§ããµã€ã㯠20 ã¶åœä»¥äžã®
èšèªã«ç¿»èš³ããã次æãªãªãŒã¹çã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ã¯ 23 ã¶åœèªã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããŸããã
Debian Junior (åäŸåã) ãš Debian Med (å»åŠã®åŠç¿ç 究çš) ãšãã 2 ã€ã®
å
éšãããžã§ã¯ãã woody ã®ãªãªãŒã¹æºåæéäžã«å§ãŸããDebian ããã®çš®ã®
æ¥åã«é©ãããã®ãšããããã®ç°ãªãçŠç¹ããããžã§ã¯ãã«ãããããŸããã
<p>
The work around Debian didn't stop the developers from organising
an annual meeting called <url id="http://www.debconf.org" name="Debconf">. The first meeting
was held from the 2nd to the 5th of July together with the
Libre Software Meeting (LSM) at Bordeaux (France) gathered around
forty Debian developers. The second conference took place in
Toronto (Canada) July 5th 2002 with over eighty participants.
Debian é¢é£ã®äœæ¥ããéçºè
ã <url id="http://www.debconf.org" name="Debconf">
ãšåŒãã§ãã幎㫠1 床ã®äŒè°ãäŒç»ãã劚ãã«ã¯ãªããŸããã§ãããæåã®äŒè°ã¯ã
7 æ 2 æ¥ãã 5 æ¥ã«ãããŠãã«ã㌠(ãã©ã³ã¹) 㧠Libre Software Meeting (LSM)
ãšå
±å¬ã§è¡ãªãããçŽ 40 åã® Debian éçºè
ãéãŸããŸããã
2 åç®ã®ã«ã³ãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã¯ 2002 幎 7 æ 5 æ¥ã«ããã³ã (ã«ãã) ã§éå¬ããã
80 人以äžã®åå è
ãéããŸããã
<p>
Debian 3.0 (<em>Woody</em>) was released July 19th, 2002 for the
Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC, ARM,
HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 architectures.
This is the first release including HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC)
and IBM s/390 ports. At the time of release, there were around 8500
binary packages maintained by more than one thousand Debian developers,
becoming the first release to be available on DVD media as well
as CD-ROMs.
Debian 3.0 (<em>Woody</em>) 㯠2002 幎 7 æ 19 æ¥ã«ãªãªãŒã¹ããã
Intel i386ãMotorola 68000 ç³»åã alphaãSUN SparcãPowerPCãARMã
HP PA-RISCãIA-64ãMIPSãMIPS (DEC)ãIBM s/390 ãšãã£ãã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã«
察å¿ããŠããŸãããHP PA-RISCãIA-64ãMIPSãMIPS (DEC)ãIBM s/390 ãªã©ã®
移æ€çãåé²ãããåããŠã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ãããã®ãªãªãŒã¹æç¹ã§ã¯ã1000 人
以äžã® Debian éçºè
ã«ãã£ãŠä¿å®ãããçŽ 8500 åã®ãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžã
ãããCD-ROM ã«å ããŠåã㊠DVD ã¡ãã£ã¢ã§ãå
¥æã§ããããã«ãªããŸããã
<!-- (jfs) # of source packages? :
~$ grep ^Source /var/lib/dpkg/available | sort -u | wc -l
1442
????
-->
<p>
Before the next release the <em>Debconf</em> annual meeting
continued with the fourth conference taking place in Oslo from July
18th to July 20th 2003 with over one hundred and twenty participants,
with a <em>Debcamp</em> preceding it, from July 12th to July 17th. The
fifth conference took place from May 26th to June 2nd 2004 in Porto
Alegre, Brazil with over one hundred and sixty participants from
twenty six different countries.
次æãªãªãŒã¹ãåã«ã幎㫠1 床ã®äŒè°ã§ãã <em>Debconf</em> ãåŒãç¶ã
è¡ãªãããŸããã第 4 å㯠2003 幎 7 æ 18 æ¥ãã 20 æ¥ã«ãããŠãªã¹ãã§
éå¬ããã120 å以äžã®åå è
ãéãŸããŸããããŸãããã«å
ç«ã¡ã 7 æ 12 æ¥
ãã 17 æ¥ã«ãã㊠<em>Debcamp</em> ãéå¬ãããŸããã
第 5 åã®ã«ã³ãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã¯ 2004 幎 5 æ 26 æ¥ãã 6 æ 2 æ¥ã«ãããŠ
ãã©ãžã«ã®ãã«ãã»ã¢ã¬ã°ã¬ã§éå¬ããã26 ã¶åœãã 160 å以äžã®åå è
ã
éããŸããã
<p>
Debian 3.1 (<em>sarge</em>) was released June 6th, 2005 for the
same architectures than <em>woody</em>, although an unofficial AMD64
port was released at the same time using the project hosting
infrastructure provided for the distribution and available at <url
id="http://alioth.debian.org">. There were around 15,000 binary
packages maintained by more than one thousand and five hundred Debian
developers.
Debian 3.1 (<em>sarge</em>) ã¯ã2005 幎 6 æ 6 æ¥ã«ãªãªãŒã¹ããã察å¿
ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã¯ <em>woody</em> ãšåãã§ããããéå
¬åŒãª AMD64 移æ€ç
ãåæã«ãªãªãŒã¹ãããŸããããã® AMD 64 移æ€çã¯ã<url
id="http://alioth.debian.org"> ããå©çšã§ãããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³åã
ãããžã§ã¯ãéå¶ã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ã䜿çšããŠããŸãã1500 人以äžã®
Debian éçºè
ã«ãã£ãŠä¿å®ãããçŽ 15,000 åã®ãã€ããªããã±ãŒãžããã
ãŸããã
<p>
There were many major changes in the <em>sarge</em> release, mostly
due to the large time it took to freeze and release the
distribution. Not only did this release update over 73% of the
software shipped in the previous version, but it also included much
more software than previous releases almost doubling in size with
9,000 new packages including the OpenOffice suite, the Firefox web
browser and the Thunderbird e-mail client.
<em>sarge</em> ã®ãªãªãŒã¹ã§ã¯å€ãã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªå€æŽããªãããŸãããã倧åã¯
åãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããªãŒãºãšãªãªãŒã¹ã«èŠããé·ãã«ãããæéã«
ãããã®ã§ãã<em>sarge</em> ã§ã¯ãåŸæ¥ããŒãžã§ã³ã«ããã£ããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®
73% 以äžãæŽæ°ãããã ãã§ãªãã9000 åãã®å€§éã®æ°èŠããã±ãŒãžãåé²ããã
ãµã€ãºçã«ã¯åŸæ¥ãªãªãŒã¹ã®åè¿ãã«ãªããŸãããæ°èŠããã±ãŒãžã«ã¯ã
OpenOffice ã¹ã€ãŒããFirefox ãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ãThunderbird é»åã¡ãŒã«
ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãã
<p>
This release shipped with the 2.4 and 2.6 Linux kernel series,
XFree86 4.3, GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3 and with a brand new
installer. This new installer replaced the aging boot-floopies
installer with a modular design with provided for more advanced
installations (with RAID, XFS and LVM support) including hardware
detections and making installations easier for novice users of all the
architectures. It also switched to aptitude as the selected tool for
package management. But the installation system also boasted full
internationalization support as the software was translated into
almost forty languages. The supporting documentation: installation
manual and release notes, were made available with the release in ten
and fifteen different languages respectively.
<em>sarge</em> ã«ã¯ Linux ã«ãŒãã«ã® 2.4 ããã³ 2.6 ç³»åãXFree86 4.3ã
KDE 3.3 ãåé²ãããŠããããŸã£ããäžæ°ãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãåããŠ
ããŸããããã®æ°ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã¯æ§åŒãªèµ·åããããåŒã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã眮ã
æãããã®ã§ããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åŒã®èšèšã§ãããŒããŠã§ã¢ã®èªåãå«ããã
é²åããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã« (RAIDãXFSãLVM ã«ã察å¿) ãæäŸããå
šã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£
ã«ãããŠåå¿è
ãŠãŒã¶ã§ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã容æã«è¡ãªããŸãã
ãŸããããã±ãŒãžç®¡ççšã«éžã°ããããŒã«ã¯ aptitude ã«åãæ¿ãããŸããã
ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãã»ãŒ 40 ã¶åœèªã«ç¿»èš³ãããããã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã·ã¹ãã ã
å®å
šãªåœéå察å¿ãèªã£ãŠããŸããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã¥ã¢ã«ããªãªãŒã¹ããŒã
ãšãã£ãåšèŸºææžããªãªãŒã¹ãšåæã«å
¥æå¯èœãšãªãããããã 10 ãã
15 ã¶åœã®èšèã«ç¿»èš³ããããã®ãçšæãããŠããŸãã
<p>
This release included the efforts of the Debian-Edu/Skolelinux,
Debian-Med and Debian-Accessibility sub-projects which boosted the
number of educational packages and those with a medical affiliation as
well as packages designed especially for people with disabilities.
### "medical affiliation" ã®èš³ãèªèº«ç¡ãã
<em>sarge</em> ã«ã¯ãDebian-Edu/Skolelinux ã Debian-MedãDebian-Accessibility
ãšãã£ããµããããžã§ã¯ãã«ããææãåã蟌ãŸããŠããŸãããããã®ãµã
ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãããæè²çšããã±ãŒãžãå»çå£äœçšããã±ãŒãžãããã«éç¢ã®
ãã人åãã«ç¹å¥ã«èšèšãããããã±ãŒãžã®æ°ã¯å¢å ã®äžéããã©ã£ãŠããŸãã
<!-- Notes:
Mention more information on subprojects, i.e. Skolelinux helped develop d-i ?
Mention Debian usage all over the world
Mention Ubuntu (Canonical)?
-->
<p>
The sixth <em>Debconf</em> was held in Espoo, Finland, from
July 10th to July 17th, 2005 with over three hundred participants.
<url id="http://dc5video.debian.net" name="Videos"> from this
conference are available online.
第 6 åã® <em>Debconf</em> ã¯ã2005 幎 7 æ 10 æ¥ãã 17 æ¥ã«ãããŠ
ãã£ã³ã©ã³ãã®ãšã¹ããŒã§éå¬ããã300 人ãè¶
ããåå è
ãéããŸããã
ãã®ã«ã³ãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ã®æš¡æ§ãæ ãã<url
id="http://dc5video.debian.net" name="ãããª">ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§å
¥æã§ããŸãã
<!--(jfs) NOTE: Xandros is up and running http://www.xandros.com/ and
so is Lindows http://www.lindows.com/-->
</sect>
<sect>Important Events
<sect>éèŠãªåºæ¥äº
<sect1>July 2000: Joel Klecker died
<sect1>2000 幎 7 æ: Joel Klecker ããéå»
<p>
On July 11th, 2000, Joel Klecker, who was also known as Espy, passed
away at 21 years of age. No one who saw 'Espy' in #mklinux, the
Debian lists or channels knew that behind this nickname was a young
man suffering from a form of <url
id="http://mdausa.org/disease/dmd.html" name="Duchenne muscular
dystrophy">. Most people only knew him as 'the Debian glibc and
powerpc guy' and had no idea of the hardships Joel fought. Though
physically impaired, he shared his great mind with others.
2000 幎 7 æ 11 æ¥ãEspy ã®ããã¯ããŒã ã§ç¥ãããŠãã Joel Klecker ããã
21 æ³ã§ãã®äžãå»ããŸããã#mklinuxãDebian ã®ã¡ãŒãªã³ã°ãªã¹ãã IRC
ãã£ã³ãã«ã§ 'Espy' ãšäº€æµã®ãã£ã人ã
ã§ããã®ããã¯ããŒã ã®åœ±ã«ã¯
<url
id="http://mdausa.org/disease/dmd.html" name="ãã¥ã·ã§ã³ãåçãžã¹ãããã£ãŒ">
ãšããç
ã«èŠããè¥è
ãããã®ãç¥ã£ãŠããè
ã¯ããŸããã§ãããã»ãšãã©ã®
人ã
㯠Joel ããã®ããšããDebian ã® glibc ãš powerpc ééããšããŠã®ã¿
ç¥ã£ãŠãããJoel ãããéã£ãŠããå°é£ã«æ³ããããã¶è
ã¯ããŸããã§ããã
èäœçã«ã¯ç
ãã§ããŸããããJoel ããã¯ãã®å倧ãªã粟ç¥ãä»ã®äººãšå
±æããŠ
ããŸããã
<p>
Joel Klecker (also known as Espy) will be missed.
Joel Klecker (å¥å Espy) ããã«å¿ããåæŒã®æãè¡šããŸãã
</sect1>
<sect1>October 2000: Implementation of Package Pools
<sect1>2000 幎 10 æ: ããã±ãŒãžããŒã«ã®å®è£
<p>
James Troup <url
id="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0010/msg00007.html"
name="reported"> that he has been working on re-implementing the
archive maintenance tools and switching to package pools. From this
date, files are stored in a directory named after the corresponding
source package inside of the pools directory. The distribution
directories will only contain Packages files that contain references
to the pool. This simplifies overlapping distributions such as
testing and unstable. The archive is also database-driven using
PostgreSQL which also speeds up lookups.
James Troup ããã¯ãã¢ãŒã«ã€ãä¿å®ããŒã«ã®åå®è£
ãè¡ãªããããã±ãŒãž
ããŒã«ã«ç§»è¡ãããš<url
id="http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0010/msg00007.html"
name="å ±åããŸãã">ããã®æ¥ããããã¡ã€ã«ã¯ pools ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªå
ã®
ãœãŒã¹ããã±ãŒãžã«å¯Ÿå¿ããååã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ä¿åãããããã«ãªããŸããã
ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã¯ãããŒã«ãžã®åç
§ãå«ãŸãã
Packages ãã¡ã€ã«ã ããåããããŠããŸããããã«ããããã¹ãçã
äžå®å®çãšãã£ããã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³éã§ã®éè€ãåçŽåãããŸããã
ãã®ã¢ãŒã«ã€ã㯠PostgreSQL ã䜿ã£ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹é§ååã§ãããã
ããã¯ã¢ãããé«éåãããŠããŸãã
</sect1>
<sect1>March 2001: Christopher Rutter died
<sect1>2001 幎 3 æ: Christopher Rutter ããéå»
<p>
On March 1st, 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (also known as cmr) was
killed after he was struck by a car at the age of 19. Christopher was
a young and well known member of the Debian project helping the ARM
port.
2001 幎 3 æ 1 æ¥ãChristopher Matthew Rutter (å¥å cmr) ãããã
亀éäºæ
ã«ãã 19 æ³ã§åœãèœãšããŸãããChristopher ãã㯠Debian
ãããžã§ã¯ãã®è¥ãæåãªã¡ã³ããŒã§ãARM 移æ€çãæäŒã£ãŠããŸããã
<p>
Chris Rutter will be missed.
Chris Rutter ããã«å¿ããåæŒã®æãè¡šããŸãã
</sect1>
<sect1>March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco died
<sect1>2001 幎 3 æ: Fabrizio Polacco ããéå»
<p>
On March 28th, 2001, Fabrizio Polacco passed away after a long
illness. The Debian Project honors his good work and strong
dedication to Debian and Free Software. The contributions of Fabrizio
will not be forgotten, and other developers will step forward to
continue his work.
2001 幎 3 æ 28 æ¥ãFabrizio Polacco ãé·ãéç
ç掻ã®æ«ããã®äžã
å»ããŸãããDebian ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯ãFabrizio ããã«ãã Debian ãš
ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ã®åªããäœæ¥ãšå€å€§ãªç®èº«ã«ãæ¬æãè¡šããŸãã
Fabrizio ããã®è²¢ç®ã¯å¿ããããããšãªããä»ã®éçºè
ã Fabrizio ããã®
æ¥çžŸãåŒãç¶ãã¹ãåé²ããã§ãããã
<p>
Fabrizio Polacco will be missed.
Fabrizio Polacco ããã«å¿ããåæŒã®æãè¡šããŸãã
</sect1>
<sect1>July 2002: Martin Butterweck died
<sect1>2002 幎 7 æ: Martin Butterweck ããéå»
<p>
On July 21st, 2002, Martin Butterweck (also known as blendi) died
after battling leukemia. Martin was a young member of the Debian
project who recently joined the project.
2002 幎 7 æ 21 æ¥ãMartin Butterweck (å¥å blendi) ããããçœè¡ç
ãš
éã£ãæ«ã亡ããªããŸãããMartin ãã㯠Debian ãããžã§ã¯ãã®è¥ã
ã¡ã³ããŒã§ããããžã§ã¯ãã«å ãã£ãã°ããã§ããã
<p>
Martin Butterweck will be missed.
Martin Butterweck ããã«å¿ããåæŒã®æãè¡šããŸãã
</sect1>
<sect1>November 2002: Fire burnt Debian server
<sect1>2002 幎 11 æ: Debian ãµãŒãçŒå€±
<p>
Around 08:00 CET on November 20th, 2002, the University of Twente
Network Operations Center (NOC) caught fire. The building has burnt
to the ground. The fire department has given up every hope on
protecting the server area. Among other things the NOC hosted
satie.debian.org which contained both the security and non-US archive
as well as the new-maintainer (nm) and quality assurance (qa)
databases. Debian rebuilt these services on the host klecker, which
was recently moved from the U.S.A. to the Netherlands.
2002 幎 11 æ 20 æ¥ã® 08:00 CET (äžå€®ãšãŒãããæé) é ããªã©ã³ãã«
ãããã¥ãšã³ã倧åŠã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãªãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã§ç«çœãçºç
ããŸããã建ç©ã¯å
šçŒããç°çŒãšåããŸãããæ¶é²çœ²ã¯ãµãŒããšãªã¢ãæã
æã¿ããã£ããè«ŠããŠããŸããŸããããšããã NOC ã§ã¯ satie.debian.org ã
éçšãããŠãããããã«ã¯ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ããã³ non-US ã¢ãŒã«ã€ããšãæ°èŠ
ã¡ã³ãã (nm) ããã³å質ä¿èšŒ (qa) ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãå«ãŸããŠããŸããã
Debian ã¯ãããã®ãµãŒãã¹ã klecker ãšããåã®ãã¹ãã§åæ§ç¯ããŸãããã
æè¿ã«ãªã£ãŠ klecker ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ãããªã©ã³ãã«ç§»ãããŸããã
</sect1>
<sect1>May 2004: Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García died
<sect1>2004 幎 5 æ: Manuel Estrada Sainz ãããAndrés García ããéå»
<p>
On May 9th Manuel Estrada Sainz (ranty) and Andrés
García (ErConde) were killed in a tragic car accident while
returning from the Free Software conference held at Valencia, Spain.
5 æ 9 æ¥ãManuel Estrada Sainz (ranty) ãããš Andrés García
(ErConde) ããããã¹ãã€ã³ã®ãã¬ã³ã·ã¢ã§éå¬ãããããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢
ã«ã³ãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ããã®åž°éãçãŸãã亀éäºæ
ã§åœãèœãšããŸããã
<p>
Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García will be missed.
Manuel Estrada Sainz ãããš Andrés García ããã«å¿ããåæŒã®æãè¡šããŸãã
</sect1>
<sect1>July 2005: Jens Schmalzing died
<sect1>2005 幎 7 æ: Jens Schmalzing ããéå»
<p>
On July 30th Jens Schmalzing (jensen) died in a tragic accident at his
workplace in Munich, Germany.
He was involved in Debian as a maintainer of several packages, as
supporter of the PowerPC port, as a member of the kernel team, and was
instrumental in taking the PowerPC kernel package to version 2.6. He
also maintained the Mac-on-Linux emulator and its kernel modules,
helped with the installer and with local Munich activities.
7 æ 30 æ¥ãJens Schmalzing (jensen) ããããã€ãã®ãã¥ã³ãã³ã«ãã
è·å Žã§çºçããçãŸããäºæ
ã«ãã亡ããªããŸããã
Jens ãã㯠Debian ã«åå ããŠåçš®ããã±ãŒãžã®ã¡ã³ãããPowerPC 移æ€çã®
ãµããŒã¿ãŒãã«ãŒãã«ããŒã ã®ã¡ã³ããŒãšããŠæŽ»èºããPowerPC ã«ãŒãã«
ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã§ã³ 2.6 ã«äžããæå©ããããŸããããŸããMac-on-Linux
ããã®ã«ãŒãã«ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®ã¡ã³ããã§ããããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãå°å
ã®ãã¥ã³ãã³
ã§ã®æŽ»åãæŽå©ããããããŸããã
<p>
Jens Schmalzing will be missed.
Jens Schmalzing ããã«å¿ããåæŒã®æãè¡šããŸãã
</sect1>
</sect>
<sect>What's Next?
<sect>次ã¯äœ?
<p>
The Debian Project continues to work on the <em>unstable</em>
distribution (codenamed <em>sid</em>, after the evil and "unstable"
kid next door from the movie Toy Story who should never be let out
into the world) Sid is the permanent name for the unstable
distribution and is always 'Still In Development'. Most new or
updated packages are uploaded into this distribution.
Debian ãããžã§ã¯ãã¯ã<em>äžå®å®ç</em>ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³
(ã³ãŒãããŒã <em>sid</em>ãæ ç» Toy Story ããé£å®¶ã«äœãå¶æªã§
ãæ
ç·äžå®å®ããªå°å¹Žããåä»ããããŸããããããªåã¯ã絶察ã«äžã®äžã«
åºãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸãã) ã§äœæ¥ãç¶ããŠããŸããSid ã¯æ°žä¹
ã«äžå®å®çã®
ã³ãŒãããŒã ã§ãããã€ãã«ãéçºäž (Still In Development)ãã§ãã
ã»ãšãã©ã®æ°èŠããã³æŽæ°ãããããã±ãŒã¯ããã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒ
ã·ã§ã³ã«ã¢ããããŒããããŸãã
<p>
The <em>testing</em> release is intended to become the next stable
release and is currently codenamed <em>etch</em>.
<em>ãã¹ãç</em>ãªãªãŒã¹ã¯æ¬¡æå®å®çãªãªãŒã¹ãšãªãããšãç®æããŠ
ãããçŸåšã®ã³ãŒãããŒã 㯠<em>etch</em> ã§ãã
<p>
For <em>etch</em>, Debian is working towards resolve the <url
id="http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/Position_Statement.html"
name="issues"> with the FSF's Free Documentation License (FDL), make
amd64 an official architecture, introducing a dependency-based init
system, and introducing SElinux support. There are many other things
that the developers will work for <em>etch</em> on but which are not
considered release, please read the <url
id="http://wiki.debian.net/?EtchTODOList" name="Etch TODO list">.
### åæäžãã 2 è¡ç®ãconsidered release -> considered release critical
### ã® typo??? èš³ã§ã¯ typo ãšã¿ãªããã
<em>etch</em> ã®ããã« Debian ãè¡ãªã£ãŠããäœæ¥ãšããŠã¯ãFSF ã®ããªãŒ
ããã¥ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ (FDL) ã«é¢ãã<url
id="http://people.debian.org/~srivasta/Position_Statement.html"
name="åé¡">ã®è§£æ±ºãamd64 ã®å
¬åŒã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£åãäŸåé¢ä¿ãå
ã«ãã
init ã·ã¹ãã ã®å°å
¥ãSElinux 察å¿ã®å°å
¥ãªã©ããããŸãããã以å€ã«ã
<em>etch</em> ããã«éçºè
ãè¡ãªãã§ãããäœæ¥ãæ°å€ããããŸããã
ãããã¯ãªãªãŒã¹ã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ã§ãããšã¯ã¿ãªãããŠããŸããã詳现ã¯
<url id="http://wiki.debian.net/?EtchTODOList" name="Etch TODO ãªã¹ã">ã
åç
§ããŠãã ããã
<p>
Other goals for etch already implemented include: introduce gpg
authentication for apt repositories (done june 2005), integrating Xorg
in Debian to replace Xfree86 (finished july 2005) and integrating tags
into the package information (done july 2005).
ethc ã®ãã®ä»ã®ç®æšã§ããã§ã«å®è£
æžãªãã®ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ã:
apt ãªããžããªãžã® gpg èªèšŒã®å°å
¥ (2005 幎 6 ææž)ãXfree86 ã眮ãæãã
ããã« Debian 㧠Xorg ãçµ±å (2005 幎 7 æå®äº)ãããã±ãŒãžæ
å ±ã« tag
æ
å ±ãçµ±å (2005 幎 7 ææž)ã
</sect>
</chapt>
<appendix id="manifesto">The Debian Manifesto
<appendix id="manifesto">Debian 宣èš
<p>
蚳泚: ãã®ææžã¯ãDebian ã®æŽå²ãææžã«æ®ããŠããããã«é
åžãããŠããããšã«
泚æããŠãã ãããäžè¬çãªæŠå¿µã¯ã现ããªç¹ã§ããã€ãå€æŽãããŠããŸãã
<p>
Written by Ian A. Murdock, Revised 01/06/94
ã€ã¢ã³ã»ããŒããã¯èã1994 幎 1 æ 6 æ¥æ¹å®
<sect>What is Debian Linux?
<sect>Debian Linux ãšã¯äœã?
<p>
Debian Linux is a brand-new kind of Linux distribution. Rather than
being developed by one isolated individual or group, as other
distributions of Linux have been developed in the past, Debian is being
developed openly in the spirit of Linux and GNU. The primary purpose
of the Debian project is to finally create a distribution that lives up
to the Linux name. Debian is being carefully and conscientiously put
together and will be maintained and supported with similar care.
Debian Linux ã¯ãŸã£ããæ°ãã Linux é
åžçã§ããä»ãŸã§ã«éçºãããä»ã®
Linux ã®é
åžçã®ããã«ãéå®çãªå人ãã°ã«ãŒããéçºããŠãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã
Linux ãš GNU ã®ç²Ÿç¥ã«åãããªãŒãã³ã«éçºãããŠããŸããDebian ã¯ãæçµç
ã« Linux ã®åã«æ¥ããªãé
åžçãäœãåºãããšã第äžã®ç®çãšããŠããŸãã
Debian ã¯æ³šææ·±ãããŸãè¯å¿çã«é
åžçããŸãšããŠãããåæ§ã®é
æ
®ã§ä¿å®ã»
ãµããŒãããŠããäºå®ã§ãã
<p>
It is also an attempt to create a non-commercial distribution that will
be able to effectively compete in the commercial market. It will
eventually be distributed by The Free Software Foundation on CD-ROM,
and The Debian Linux Association will offer the distribution on floppy
disk and tape along with printed manuals, technical support and other
end-user essentials. All of the above will be available at little more
than cost, and the excess will be put toward further development of
free software for all users. Such distribution is essential to the
success of the Linux operating system in the commercial market, and it
must be done by organizations in a position to successfully advance and
advocate free software without the pressure of profits or returns.
Debian ã¯ãåžå Žã§ååãªç«¶äºåãæã¡ãããåçšã§ã¯ãªãé
åžçãäœãåºãè©Š
ã¿ã§ããããŸãããããã㯠Free Software Foundation ã CD-ROM ã§
Debian ãé
åžããããã«ãªãã§ãããããŸã Debian Linux Association ã¯ã
å°å·ãããããã¥ã¢ã«ãæè¡æ¯æŽãªã©ãšã³ããŠãŒã¶ã«å¿
èŠãªãã®ãšäžç·ã«ãããã
ããŒãã£ã¹ã¯ãããŒãã«ããé
åžãæäŸããããšã«ãªãã§ããããäžèšã®ãã¹ãŠ
ãå䟡ããããããã«é«ãéé¡ã§å
¥æã§ããããã«ãªãããã®ããããªå䟡è¶
é
åã䜿ã£ãŠããã¹ãŠã®ãŠãŒã¶ã®ããã®ããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ãããã«éçºããŠãã
ããšã«ãªãã§ãããããã®ãããªé
åžçã«ã¯ãåžå Žã§ Linux ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°
ã·ã¹ãã ãæåããŠããããšãæ¬ ãããŸããããŸããååã«å
é²çãªäœçœ®ã«ããã
å©çãé
åœã®å§åãåããããšãªãããªãŒãœãããŠã§ã¢ãåºããããšããŠããçµ
ç¹ã«ãã£ãŠãªãããªããã°ãªããŸããã
</sect>
<sect>Why is Debian being constructed?
<sect>ãªã Debian ãäœæããã®ã?
<p>
Distributions are essential to the future of Linux. Essentially, they
eliminate the need for the user to locate, download, compile, install
and integrate a fairly large number of essential tools to assemble a
working Linux system. Instead, the burden of system construction is
placed on the distribution creator, whose work can be shared with
thousands of other users. Almost all users of Linux will get their
first taste of it through a distribution, and most users will continue
to use a distribution for the sake of convenience even after they are
familiar with the operating system. Thus, distributions play a very
important role indeed.
Linux ã®æªæ¥ã«ãšã£ãŠé
åžçã¯äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããé
åžçãå©çšãããšããŠãŒã¶ã¯ããŸ
ã皌åãã Linux ã·ã¹ãã ãçµã¿ãããããã«å¿
èŠãªã倧å€ãªæ°ã®ããŒã«ãæ¢
ãã ããããŠã³ããŒãããã³ã³ãã€ã«ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠãŸãšã
ãããäœæ¥ãããã«ã«ããããã«ãªããŸãããããã«ãã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããéè·
ã¯é
åžçäœæè
ãèè² ããŸããé
åžçäœæè
ãããäœæ¥ã¯ãäœåãã®ä»ã®ãŠãŒã¶
ãšåãã¡ããããšãã§ããŸãã倧æµã® Linux ãŠãŒã¶ã¯ãé
åžçãéããŠ
Linux ãªããã®ã®æåã®æ觊ãåŸããã®ã§ãããŸããå€ãã®ãŠãŒã¶ãããã®ãªã
ã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã«æ
£ããŠãããã䟿å©ããæ±ããŠé
åžçã䜿ãã€ã¥ããã§
ããããã€ãŸããé
åžçã¯æ¬åœã«å€§å€éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæ
ã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã
<p>
Despite their obvious importance, distributions have attracted little
attention from developers. There is a simple reason for this: they are
neither easy nor glamorous to construct and require a great deal of
ongoing effort from the creator to keep the distribution bug-free and
up-to-date. It is one thing to put together a system from scratch; it
is quite another to ensure that the system is easy for others to
install, is installable and usable under a wide variety of hardware
configurations, contains software that others will find useful, and is
updated when the components themselves are improved.
é
åžçãæããã«éèŠã§ããã«ãããããããéçºè
éã¯ã»ãšãã©æ³šæãæãã
ã«ããŸããåçŽãªçç±ã«ãããŸããé
åžçã®æ§ç¯ã¯æããããªãããé
åçã§ã
ãªãããã§ãããŸããé
åžçã®ãã°ããšããææ°ã®ç¶æ
ã«ä¿ã€ããã«ãäœæè
ã¯
ç¶ç¶çã«å€§å€ãªåªåã匷ããããããã§ãã0 ããã·ã¹ãã ãçµã¿ãããã®ãšã¯
å
šãå¥ç©ã§ããã€ãŸããã·ã¹ãã ãä»äººã«ãšã£ãŠã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããããå€æ§ãª
ããŒããŠã§ã¢æ§æã«ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠäœ¿çšã§ãã䜿ãã§ããããšäººãåžããã
ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãå«ã¿ãæ§æèŠçŽ ãã®ãã®ãæ¹åããããšãã«ã¢ããããŒãã§ãã
ããšãä¿èšŒãããšããããšãªã®ã§ãã
<p>
Many distributions have started out as fairly good systems, but as time
passes attention to maintaining the distribution becomes a secondary
concern. A case-in-point is the Softlanding Linux System (better known
as SLS). It is quite possibly the most bug-ridden and badly maintained
Linux distribution available; unfortunately, it is also quite possibly
the most popular. It is, without question, the distribution that
attracts the most attention from the many commercial "distributors" of
Linux that have surfaced to capitalize on the growing popularity of the
operating system.
å€ãã®é
åžçãããªãããã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠçºè¡šãããŸãããããããæãçµã€ã«
ã€ããŠãé
åžçã®ä¿å®ãã次第ã«é¢å¿ã倱ããäºã®æ¬¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããŸãããã®
ããäŸããSoftlanding Linux System (SLS ã®ç¥ç§°ã§æå) ã§ããããæãããã£
ãšããã°ãå€ããä¿å®ãã»ãšãã©ãªãããªãã£ãé
åžçã§ããæ®å¿µãªãããã®é
åžçã¯ãæãããã£ãšãå€ãã®äººã«äœ¿ãããç©ã§ããããŸããããŸããããªãã
ããã¯å€ãã®é
åžæ¥è
ãããã¡ã°ã泚ç®ãããŠããŸã£ãé
åžçã ã£ãã®ã§ããã
ããã®æ¥è
ã¯ããã®ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãäžã«åºãŸã£ãŠè¡ãã®ã«äŸ¿ä¹ããŠ
ããããšãé²åããŠããŸããŸããã
<p>
This is a bad combination indeed, as most people who obtain Linux from
these "distributors" receive a bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux
distribution. As if this wasn't bad enough, these "distributors" have
a disturbing tendency to misleadingly advertise non-functional or
extremely unstable "features" of their product. Combine this with the
fact that the buyers will, of course, expect the product to live up to
its advertisement and the fact that many may believe it to be a
commercial operating system (there is also a tendency not to mention
that Linux is free nor that it is distributed under the GNU General
Public License). To top it all off, these "distributors" are actually
making enough money from their effort to justify buying larger
advertisements in more magazines; it is the classic example of
unacceptable behavior being rewarded by those who simply do not know
any better. Clearly something needs to be done to remedy the
situation.
ããã¯ãŸã£ããã²ã©ãçµã¿åãã§ãããã®æã®é
åžæ¥è
ãã Linux ãåŸãå€ã
ã®äººãããã°ãå«ãŸããŠããããã«ä¿å®ããããªã Linux é
åžçãåãåã£ãŠ
ããŸãã®ã§ããããããã ãã§ã¯æªè¡ããããªããã®ããã«ããããã£ãé
åžæ¥
è
ã«ã¯ãèªåéã®è£œåã®äžã®åããªãã£ãã極ããŠåäœãäžå®å®ãªæ©èœã«ã€ããŠ
誀解ãäžããããªã宣äŒããããšèšãå°ã£ãåŸåããããŸããããã®ãããªç¶æ³
ãšã賌å
¥ãã人ã¯ãã®è£œåã宣äŒã«éãã¬ã§ãã ãããšãã¡ããäºæ³ããããšãšã
å€ãã®äººããã®è£œåãåçšã®ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã ãšä¿¡ããŠãã
(Linux ãããªãŒã§ããããšããGNU äžè¬å
¬æ䜿çšèš±è«Ÿã«åŸã£ãŠé
åžãããŠãã
ããšã«èšåããªãåŸåããããŸãã) ãããããªãããšãèãããããŠã¿ãŠãã
ããããªããã®äžã«ããããé
åžæ¥è
ã¯ãããå€ãã®éèªã§æŽŸæã«åºåãåºããŠ
ãããŸããªãã ãã®éãåªåããŠå®éã«çšŒãåºããŠããŸããåã«ããŸãããããã£
ãŠããªãã ãã®è
ãã容èªã§ããªãè¡åãå©é·ããŠããŸããšããå€ãããèŠãã
ãäºäŸãèŠãŠãšããŸããããããã«ããã®ç¶æ³ãæ¹åããããã«äœãæãæã€å¿
èŠããããŸãã
</sect>
<sect>How will Debian attempt to put an end to these problems?
<sect>Debian ã¯ãããã®åé¡ã«çµæ¢ç¬Šãæã€ããã«ã©ã®ããã«åªåããã€ãããªã®ã?
<p>
The Debian design process is open to ensure that the system is of the
highest quality and that it reflects the needs of the user community.
By involving others with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds,
Debian is able to be developed in a modular fashion. Its components
are of high quality because those with expertise in a certain area are
given the opportunity to construct or maintain the individual
components of Debian involving that area. Involving others also
ensures that valuable suggestions for improvement can be incorporated
into the distribution during its development; thus, a distribution is
created based on the needs and wants of the users rather than the needs
and wants of the constructor. It is very difficult for one individual
or small group to anticipate these needs and wants in advance without
direct input from others.
Debian ã®èšèšéçšã¯ããªãŒãã³ã§ããã·ã¹ãã ãæé«ã®å質ãæã€ããšãšããŠãŒ
ã¶ã®å
±åäœã®èŠæ±ãåæ ãããããšãä¿èšŒããããã§ããèœåãšèæ¯ã«åºããã
ããä»äººãå·»ãããããšã§ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åã㊠Debian ãéçºããããšãå¯èœã«
ãªããŸãããããåéã®å°éçç¥èãæã€è
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Debian ã®åã
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Debian Linux will also be distributed on physical media by the Free
Software Foundation and the Debian Linux Association. This provides
Debian to users without access to the Internet or FTP and additionally
makes products and services such as printed manuals and technical
support available to all users of the system. In this way, Debian may
be used by many more individuals and organizations than is otherwise
possible, the focus will be on providing a first-class product and not
on profits or returns, and the margin from the products and services
provided may be used to improve the software itself for all users
whether they paid to obtain it or not.
Free Software Foundation ãš Debian Linux Association ã¯ç©çåªäœã§ã
Linux ãé
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<p>
The Free Software Foundation plays an extremely important role in the
future of Debian. By the simple fact that they will be distributing
it, a message is sent to the world that Linux is not a commercial
product and that it never should be, but that this does not mean that
Linux will never be able to compete commercially. For those of you who
disagree, I challenge you to rationalize the success of GNU Emacs and
GCC, which are not commercial software but which have had quite an
impact on the commercial market regardless of that fact.
Free Software Foundation 㯠Debian ã®å°æ¥ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§å€éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãã
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<p>
The time has come to concentrate on the future of Linux rather than on
the destructive goal of enriching oneself at the expense of the entire
Linux community and its future. The development and distribution of
Debian may not be the answer to the problems that I have outlined in
the Manifesto, but I hope that it will at least attract enough
attention to these problems to allow them to be solved.
Linux å
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</sect>
</appendix>
</book>